Table 4.
Association of the nucleocapsid protein amino acid mutation R203K with patient demographic and clinical characteristics.
| Characteristic | No. (%) | χ2 or T (p-Value) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| R203K Mutation | Wild Type | ||
| Age (mean, SD), years | 36.6 (18.7) | 44.3 (16.8) | 5.3 (<0.0001) * |
| Variant | |||
| Alpha | 24 (3.5) | 0 (0) | 672 (<0.0001) * |
| Beta | 1 (0.1) | 22 (3.2) | |
| Delta | 0 (0) | 179 (25.8) | |
| Delta Plus | 0 (0) | 3 (0.4) | |
| Eta | 0 (0) | 2 (0.3) | |
| Kappa | 0 (0) | 1 (0.1) | |
| Omicron | 0 (0) | 1 (0.1) | |
| Omicron BA.1 | 412 (59.3) | 2 (0.3) | |
| Omicron BA.2 | 24 (3.5) | 0 (0) | |
| Other | 22 (3.2) | 2 (0.3) | |
| Wave | |||
| Delta | 45 (6.5) | 179 (25.8) | 380 (<0.001) * |
| Omicron | 438 (63) | 33 (4.5) | |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 212 (30.5) | 111 (16.0) | 4.2 (0.04) * |
| Female | 271 (39.0) | 101 (14.5) | |
| Nationality | |||
| Saudi | 340 (53.5) | 119 (18.7) | 26.4 (<0.001) * |
| Non-Saudi | 93 (14.7) | 83 (13.1) | |
| Unknown = 60 | |||
| Smoking status | |||
| Yes | 36 (5.6) | 12 (1.9) | 0.9 (0.35) |
| No | 408 (63.4) | 188 (29.2) | |
| Unknown = 51 | |||
| Patient Status | |||
| Deceased | 24 (3.5) | 16 (2.3) | 9.3 (0.026) * |
| Recovered | 398 (57.8) | 158 (22.9) | |
| Hospitalized | 5 (0.7) | 1 (0.2) | |
| Released | 50 (7.3) | 37 (5.4) | |
| Unknown = 6 | |||
| Immunocompromised | |||
| Yes | 358 (53.5) | 45 (6.7) | 0.065 (0.80) |
| No | 106 (23.9) | 160 (23.9) | |
| Unknown = 26 | |||
| ICU Admission | |||
| Yes | 50 (7.4) | 42 (6.2) | 11.7 (0.0006) * |
| No | 421 (62.2) | 164 (24.2) | |
| Unknown = 18 | |||
| Comorbidity | |||
| Yes | 213 (31.8) | 84 (12.5) | 1.3 (0.25) |
| No | 252 (37.6) | 121 (18.1) | |
| Unknown = 25 | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | |||
| Yes | 59 (8.8) | 45 (6.7) | 9.5 (0.002) * |
| No | 409 (60.8) | 160 (23.8) | |
| Unknown = 22 | |||
| Hypertension | |||
| Yes | 103 (15.3) | 64 (9.5) | 6.5 (0.011) * |
| No | 365 (54.2) | 141 (21.0) | |
| Unknown = 22 | |||
| Symptoms | |||
| Asymptomatic | 30 (5.0) | 2 (0.3) | 10.8 (0.001) * |
| Symptomatic | 374 (62.2) | 195 (32.5) | |
| Unknown = 94 | |||
| Disease Severity | |||
| Mild | 374 (59.0) | 155 (24.5) | 16.4 (0.0003) * |
| Stage C | 41 (6.5) | 27 (4.3) | |
| Stage D | 15 (2.4) | 22 (3.5) | |
| Unknown = 61 | |||
| Vaccination Status | |||
| Vaccinated | 270 (59.0) | 138 (30.1) | 1.2 (0.27) |
| Unvaccinated | 37 (8.1) | 13 (2.8) | |
| Unknown = 237 | |||
| Type of vaccine | |||
| Pfizer | 141 (37.2) | 45 (11.9) | 81.6 (< 0.0001) * |
| AstraZeneca | 48 (12.7) | 84 (22.2) | |
| Mixture | 58 (15.3) | 3 (0.8) | |
| Unknown = 316 | |||
| Vaccine Dose | |||
| Post-first | 43 (11.0) | 94 (24.1) | 121.4 (< 0.0001) * |
| Post-second | 125 (32.1) | 36 (9.2) | |
| Post-booster | 89 (22.8) | 3 (0.8) | |
| Unknown = 305 | |||
| Hospitalization Duration | |||
| None | 396 (57.9) | 151 (22.1) | 10.1 (0.0063) * |
| Short (≤20 days) | 38 (5.6) | 27 (4.0) | |
| Long (>20 days) | 42 (6.1) | 30 (4.4) | |
| Unknown = 11 | |||
| Organ Transplant patient | |||
| Yes | 188 (27.7) | 17 (2.5) | 0.65 (0.42) |
| No | 442 (65.2) | 188 (27.7) | |
| Unknown = 17 | |||
| Ct Range | 23.7 (<0.0001) * | ||
| High Ct > 30 | 53 (8.13) | 20 (3.07) | |
| Low Ct < 20 | 96 (14.72) | 80 (12.27) | |
| Moderate Ct 20–30 | 301 (46.17) | 102 (15.64) | |
| Unknown = 43 | |||
Abbreviations: ICU, intensive care unit; Ct, cycle threshold. * Significant p value, p < 0.05.