Table 5.
Association of variants (Delta and Omicron B.A.1) with the patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics.
| Characteristic | No. (%) | χ2 or T (p-Value) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Delta N = 179 |
Omicron BA.1 N = 414 |
||
| Age (mean, SD), years | 44.2 (16.0) | 35.8 (17.8) | <0.0001 * |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 97 (16.3) | 176 (29.7) | 0.009 * |
| Female | 82 (13.8) | 238 (40.1) | |
| Nationality | |||
| Saudi | 96 (17.9) | 292 (54.4) | <0.0001 * |
| Non-Saudi | 74 (13.8) | 75 (14.0) | |
| Unknown = 56 | |||
| Smoking status | |||
| Yes | 9 (1.7) | 29 (5.3) | 0.33 |
| No | 159 (29.1) | 350 (64.0) | |
| Unknown = 46 | |||
| Patient Status | |||
| Deceased | 12 (2.0) | 16 (2.7) | 0.0009 * |
| Recovered | 133 (22.7) | 355 (60.5) | |
| Hospitalized | 1 (0.2) | 4 (0.70) | |
| Released | 33 (5.6) | 33 (5.6) | |
| Unknown = 6 | |||
| Immunocompromised | |||
| Yes | 37 (6.5) | 77 (13.5) | 0.57 |
| No | 136 (23.8) | 321 (80.0) | |
| Unknown = 22 | |||
| ICU Admission | |||
| Yes | 34 (5.9) | 32 (5.5) | <0.0001 * |
| No | 140 (24.2) | 372 (64.4) | |
| Unknown = 15 | |||
| Comorbidity | |||
| Yes | 70 (12.3) | 171 (30.0) | 0.58 |
| No | 103 (18.0) | 227 (39.8) | |
| Unknown = 22 | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | |||
| Yes | 36 (6.8) | 43 (7.5) | 0.0013 * |
| No | 137 (28.9) | 358 (62.4) | |
| Unknown = 19 | |||
| Hypertension | |||
| Yes | 52 (9.1) | 83 (14.5) | 0.0153 * |
| No | 121 (21.1) | 318 (55.4) | |
| Unknown = 19 | |||
| Symptoms | |||
| Asymptomatic | 2 (0.40) | 23 (5.6) | 0.007 * |
| Symptomatic | 163 (32.4) | 315 (62.6) | |
| Unknown = 90 | |||
| Disease Severity | |||
| Mild | 132 (24.5) | 327 (60.8) | <0.0001 * |
| Stage C | 22 (4.1) | 27 (5.0) | |
| Stage D | 19 (3.5) | 11 (2.0) | |
| Unknown = 55 | |||
| Vaccination Status | |||
| Vaccinated | 123 (31.1) | 243 (61.4) | 0.69 |
| Unvaccinated | 9 (2.3) | 21 (5.3) | |
| Unknown = 197 | |||
| Type of vaccine | |||
| Pfizer | 38 (11.2) | 130 (38.4) | <0.0001 * |
| AstraZeneca | 78 (23.0) | 34 (10.0) | |
| Mixture | 1 (0.30) | 58 (17.1) | |
| Unknown = 254 | |||
| Vaccine Dose | |||
| Post-first | 86 (24.6) | 23 (6.6) | <0.0001 * |
| Post-second | 30 (8.6) | 122 (34.9) | |
| Post-booster | 2 (0.60) | 87 (25.4) | |
| Unknown = 243 | |||
| Hospitalization Duration | |||
| None | 127 (21.8) | 356 (61.1) | <0.0001 * |
| Short (≤20 days) | 24 (4.1) | 24 (4.1) | |
| Long (>20 days) | 24 (4.1) | 28 (4.8) | |
| Unknown = 10 | |||
| Organ Transplant patient | |||
| Yes | 15 (2.6) | 21 (3.6) | 0.11 |
| No | 158 (27.3) | 385 (66.5) | |
| Unknown = 14 | |||
| Ct Range | |||
| High Ct > 30 | 14 (2.5) | 43 (7.7) | <0.0001 * |
| Low Ct < 20 | 67 (12.0) | 82 (14.7) | |
| Moderate Ct 20–30 | 90 (16.2) | 261 (46.9) | |
| Unknown = 36 | |||
Abbreviations: ICU, intensive care unit; Ct, cycle threshold. * Significant p value, p < 0.05.