Table 5.
Odds ratios (95% confidence interval) in an analysis of differences in the consumption frequency of various foods recommended in the model food ration between the experimental group and the control group, between different vegetarian groups, and between mothers with low and high nutritional knowledge scores.
| Daily Consumption of Cereals Other than Those Recommended in the Model Food Ration (Ref. [5] Servings) | Daily Consumption of Protein Foods Other than Those Recommended in the Model Food Ration (Refs. [4,5] Servings) | Daily Consumption of Vegetables Other than Those Recommended in the Model Food Ration (Ref. [5] Servings) | Daily Consumption of Fruits Other than Those Recommended in the Model Food Ration (Ref. [4] Servings) | Daily Consumption of Added Fats Other than Those Recommended in the Model Food Ration (Ref. [2] Servings) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal nutritional knowledge score (n) | |||||
| Low (0–13) | 0.97 (0.01–1.03) | 0.92 (0.87–1.02) | 1.07 (0.93–1.24) | 1.09 (0.94–1.18) | 0.72 ** (0.62–0.94) |
| Average (14–20) | 0.78 * (0.91–0.93) | 0.9 (0.71–1.03) | 1.04 (0.92–1.11) | 1.36 * (1.07–1.52) | 0.94 (0.81–1.09) |
| High (21–26) | 0.83 * (0.77–0.95) | 0.92 (0.78–1.09) | 1.27* (1.03–1.34) | 1.17 (0.97–1.28) | 0.91 (0.79–1.04) |
| Type of diet | |||||
| Vegetarian | 0.84 * (0.72–0.98) | 0.78 * (0.72–0.86) | 1.11 (0.94–1.23) | 1.21 (1.02–1.38) | 0.84 * (0.67–0.97) |
| Control | 1.46 ** (1.12–1.59) | 1.20 (0.94–1.31) | 0.77* (0.62–0.89) | 0.93 (0.87–1.02) | 1.09 (0.84–1.26) |
| Vegetarian diet | |||||
| Lacto-ovo- | 0.97 (0.88–1.05) | 1.12 (1.01–1.19) | 1.08 (0.93–1.17) | 1.29 * (1.11–1.32) | 1.17 (1.05–1.26) |
| Lacto- | 0.94 (0.83–1.03) | 0.94 (0.87–1.09) | 1.03 (0.89–1.19) | 1.06 (0.92–1.12) | 1.03 (0.92–1.25) |
| Ovo- | 0.86 * (0.75–0.91) | 0.81 * (0.72–0.96) | 0.96 (0.84–1.09) | 1.11 (1.02–1.2) | 1.06 (0.92–1.27) |
| Vegan | 0.75 * (0.63–0.89) | 0.61 ** (0.49–0.86) | 1.26 * (1.12–1.44) | 1.34 * (1.12–1.51) | 0.67 ** (0.48–0.79) |
* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 level of significance assessed by Wald’s test; Deviations from the model food ration were most frequently noted in the vegan group, where the consumption of protein foods was insufficient (p = 0.021) and where 56.3% of the children consumed less than 2 servings of fat per day (p = 0.003). Vegetable consumption exceeded the recommended level (5 servings per day) only in the vegan group (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.12–1.44, p < 0.05), whereas fruit consumption exceeded the recommended level in the lacto-ovo-vegetarian group (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.11–1.32, p < 0.05) and the vegan group (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.12–1.51, p < 0.01). Low maternal nutritional knowledge was linked with less frequent consumption of fats (p = 0.0.003), whereas high maternal nutritional knowledge was associated with significantly higher consumption of vegetables (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.03–1.34, p < 0.05) and lower than recommended consumption of cereal products (OR 0.83; 95% CI 0.77–0.95, p < 0.05).