Table 1.

Characteristics of the included studies.

No	Authors, Year	Objective	Design	Period	Location	Targeted Service	Outcome Orientation
1	Ullah et al., 2020 [11]	Assessing the effectiveness of TB case detection activities by pharmacy personnel.	Program implementation	January to December 2017	Three areas in Pakistan	Presumptive TB patients	Increasing TB patient detection.
2	Lonnroth et al., 2003 [12]	Describing community pharmacist attitude in the program of TB referral system for presumptive TB patients and evaluating the program’s feasibility.	Mixed methods followed the implementation program	April 2001 to December 2002	Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam	Presumptive TB patients	Increasing TB patient detection.
3	Lambert et al., 2005 [13]	Providing interventions to community pharmacists in decreasing anti-TB sales in pharmacies and increasing pharmacy personnel activities on the referral of presumptive TB patient activities to the health facility.	Intervention study	January to March 2002	Cochabamba, Bolivia	Presumptive TB patients	Increasing TB patient detection.
4	Jakeman et al., 2015 [15]	Describing community pharmacy experiences in TST program.	Program implementation	March 2011 to August 2013.	New Mexico, USA	Risk population of LTBI patients	Increasing TB patient detection.
5	Jakeman et al., 2020 [14]	Evaluating collaborative TB care between the public health department and community pharmacy in managing newly LTBI patients.	Program implementation	February 2017 to April 2018	New Mexico, USA	Newly diagnosed LTBI patients	Improving TB treatment outcomes.
6	Tanvejsil et al., 2016 [19]	Comparing TB treatment success among three services in TB patients, i.e., PC, home visit, and modified DOT.	Observational study	February 2017	Songkhla, Thailand	Adult pulmonary TB patients.	Improving TB treatment outcomes.
7	Juan et al., 2006 [20]	Comparing DOT through pharmacies with SAT in high-risk patients of non-adherence.	Observational study	1 January 1999 to 31 December 2002	Valencia, Spain	High risk of non-adherent TB patients *	Improving TB treatment outcomes.
8	Carter et al., 2017 [16]	Assessing the effect of a clinical pharmacist-run clinic for LTBI on the treatment completion rates in refugee patients.	Observational study	August 2012 to April 2016	Philadelphia and Pennsylvania, USA	Refugees with LTBI	Improving TB treatment outcomes.
9	Tang et al., 2018 [21]	Assessing the effect of PC on TB treatment outcomes compared with the UC.	A randomized case–control study	June 2018	Shanghai, China	Pulmonary TB patients who have already received a TB regimen of less than one month	Improving TB treatment outcomes.
10.	Clark et al., 2007 [22]	Assessing the effect of educational programs provided by pharmacists to improve medication adherence compared with a group without the educational program.	A randomized case–control study	August 2001 to February 2002	Istanbul, Turkey	Newly diagnosed TB and MDR-TB patients	Improving TB treatment outcomes.
11	Karuniawati et al., 2019 [23]	Assessing the effect of pharmacist counselling using written information (leaflet).	Quasi experimental	July to December 2017	Surakarta, Indonesia	Adult TB patients who have received TB medication for at least one month	Improving TB treatment outcomes.
12	Lopes et al., 2017 [24]	Describing and evaluating the effect of PC on TB patients.	Observational study	August 2009 to July 2012	Belo horizinte, Brazil	Adult TB outpatient	Improving TB treatment outcomes.
13	Hess et al., 2009 [18]	Describing treatment completion rates for LTBI in a community pharmacy in a college campus.	Observational study	2000–2006	California, USA	University students diagnosed with LTBI	Improving TB treatment outcomes.
14	Hecox, 2008 [17]	To report experiences of pharmacist-provided TSTs.	Observational study	February to December 2006	Washington, USA	Public who will have TSTs	Increasing TB case detection.

Information: * High risk of non-adherent TB patients: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, alcoholism, illicit drug use, immigrant or homeless status and/or previous failure to complete; TB: tuberculosis; TST: tuberculin skin test; PC: pharmaceutical care; LTBI: latent tuberculosis infection; USA: the United States of America; SAT: self-administrated treatment; DOT: directly observed treatment; UC: usual care; MDR-TB: multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.