Figure 3.
Effect of palm oil mill effluent-derived beta-carotene on streptozotocin-induced diabetic retinopathy-associated time spent in target quadrant in visual-cue function test. The numbers in parentheses represent a dose of mg/kg. The results are presented as the mean SEM, with n = 10 mice per group. a p < 0.05 versus the Q1 normal group; b p < 0.05 versus the Q4 normal group; c p < 0.05 versus the DR group. Abbreviations: DEX stands for dexamethasone; DR stands for diabetic retinopathy; PBC stands for palm oil mill effluent-derived beta-carotene; Q stands for quadrant; Sec stands for seconds; and TSTQ stands for time spent in the target quadrant.