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. 2023 Apr 26;16(5):647. doi: 10.3390/ph16050647

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Illustration of Morris water-maze device for visual-cue function test (VCFT) response. Panel (a) presents the diagrammatic view of the Morris water-maze device expressing the quadrant (Q) arrangements. Animal-placement location is considered as a starting point. The location of the target quadrant (i.e., Q4) platform is considered the destination point for the mice. Panel (b) presents the top view of the Morris water-maze device and the wall of the Morris water-maze device has a multidimensional visual cue for the identification of each quadrant.