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. 2023 May 27;6(5):e1295. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.1295

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© 2023 The Authors. Health Science Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Lifecycle of filarial parasites, demonstrated with W. bancrofti. Both a vector and a mammalian host are required for the development of the nematode. (1) The infected vector transmits the third‐stage larvae (L3) into the human host during a blood meal. (2) The L3 mature into adult worms. (3) The parasites produce microfilariae (MF), which migrate to the lymphatics and blood for circulation. (4) The vector once again ingests the microfilariae during a blood meal from an infected host. (5) The microfilariae develop into the L1 stage. (6) The L1 larvae matures into L3 larvae which migrate to the vector's proboscis via the haemocel. (7) Clinical manifestations of LF due to inflammation mainly from worm antigen. Created with Biorender.com.