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. 2022 Apr 1;98(4):126–132. [Article in German] doi: 10.53180/zfa.2022.0126-0132

Halsschmerzen — leitlinienbasierte Diagnostik und Therapie

Sore Throat — Guideline-based Diagnostics and Therapy

Karen Krüger 1,, Jan Hendrik Oltrogge 2
PMCID: PMC10224640  PMID: 37273520

Abstract

Background

Sore throat is a common reason for consultation of family physicians. Acute sore throat (< 14 days) is usually triggered by infections of the pharynx. Less than 35 % of cases are caused by bacterial infections; nevertheless, antibiotics are prescribed far more often. Evidence-based guideline recommendations are available to reduce non-indicated administration of antibiotics in the treatment of sore throat.

Search Methods

Update of the clinical guideline „sore throat“ of the German College of General Practitioners and Family Physicians (DEGAM) by means of a systematic search of the literature for international guidelines and systematic reviews.

Main Messages

After excluding red flags such as immunosuppression and severe systemic infections, acute sore throat is usually self-limiting with a mean duration of 7 days. Patients should be encouraged in self-management; ibuprofen and naproxen are recommended for symptomatic treatment. If antibiotics are considered, clinical scores (Centor, McIsaac, FeverPAIN) should be used to assess the risk of bacterial pharyngitis. At low risk (< 3 points), antibiotics are not indicated; if at least moderate (3 points), delayed prescription is an option; if high (> 3 points), antibiotics can be taken immediately. Even if scores suggestive a bacterial cause, the evidence suggests that antibiotic treatment only shortens the duration of symptoms modestly. Penicillin is the first choice (clarithromycin as an alternative). The antibiotic should be taken for 5–7 days.

Conclusions

In the absence of red flags, a regular use of symptomatic treatment will help to control discomfort. If administration of antibiotics is still considered a risk-adapted approach, using clinical scores is recommended.

Key words: sore throat, clinical scores, evidence-based medicine, family physician

Dr. Karen Krüger …

… Fachärztin für HNO-Heilkunde. Seit 2015 wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin am Institut für Allgemeinmedizin der Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Mitautorin der DEGAM S3-Leitlinien „Halsschmerzen“ und „akuter und chronischer Husten“ Weitere Schwerpunkte: Evidenzbasierte Medizin, Implementierung von Leitlinien, Atemwegsinfektionen und Community Health graphic file with name 44266_2022_980402_Figa_HTML.jpg

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