Table 1.
Doula-Related Bills and Status of Bills by State, 2015–2020
| State | % Medicaid Births* |
Maternal Mortality per 100,000 Live Births† |
Infant Mortality per 10,000 Live Births† |
Year First Bill Introduced‡ |
Number of Bills and Bill Status | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Passed | Not Passed | In Process | |||||
| Arizona | 52 | 27.3 | 5.7 | 2020 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| California | 51 | 17.6 | 4.2 | 2020 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Connecticut | 44 | 19.0 | 4.5 | 2019 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| District of Columbia | 36 | 35.6 | 7.7 | 2019 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Iowa | 37 | 26.5 | 5.3 | 2020 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Illinois | 44 | 21.4 | 6.1 | 2018 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| Indiana | 41 | 50.2 | 7.3 | 2019 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Kentucky | 51 | 32.4 | 6.5 | 2020 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Louisiana | 65 | 72.0 | 7.1 | 2018 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Massachusetts | 35 | 13.7 | 3.7 | 2019 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| Maryland | 44 | 25.0 | 6.4 | 2019 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Michigan | 46 | 27.6 | 6.8 | 2018 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Minnesota | 43 | 17.3 | 4.8 | 2015 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 12 |
| Nebraska | 31 | 22.7 | 5.6 | 2020 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| New Jersey | 39 | 26.4 | 4.5 | 2016 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 |
| New York | 43 | 25.5 | 4.6 | 2018 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Oregon | 50 | 19.5 | 5.4 | 2017 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Pennsylvania | 34 | 26.1 | 6.1 | 2019 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Rhode Island | 49 | 19.0 | 6.2 | 2019 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Tennessee | 50 | 35.8 | 7.4 | 2020 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Texas | 53 | 39.2 | 5.9 | 2020 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Virginia | 37 | 29.5 | 5.9 | 2020 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Vermont | 20 | 26.6 | 4.8 | 2016 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Washington | 49 | 19.7 | 3.9 | 2020 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Wisconsin | 42 | 19.9 | 6.4 | 2019 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Infant mortality per 10,000 live births were obtained from the CDC WONDER Database Mortality Files, 2017.
*
Percentages of births covered by Medicaid were obtained from the 2019 Kaiser Foundation Family Medicaid Budget Survey. Data are reported from the most recent 12-month period for which data were available.
†
Maternal mortality per 100,000 live births figures were obtained from the CDC WONDER Database Mortality Files, 2013–2017.
‡
For states with multiple bills, we report information for the earliest doula-related bill that was introduced.