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. 2023 May 28:1–23. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s11205-023-03146-1

Table 3.

Bivariate analyses on effects of absolute and relative educations on voter turnout (Logistic Models)

Model 4 Model 5
Years of Education 0.177***
(0.012)
Education Rank 0.022***
(0.001)
Intercept − 1.714*** − 0.782***
(0.138) (0.073)
Pseudo R-squared 0.047 0.062
Observations 1,637,249 1,637,249
AIC 3,841,305,255.076 3,782,653,528.537
BIC 3,841,305,279.693 3,782,653,553.154
Log Likelihood − 1,920,652,625.538 − 1,891,326,762.269

Unstandardized coefficients are presented, and robust standard errors are shown in parenthesis for each coefficient, clustering by educational environment (year and state). Significance level ∗ , ∗  ∗ , and ∗  ∗  ∗ indicate zero is not covered by the 90, 95, and 99 percent confidence interval, respectively