TABLE 2.
Clinicopathological differences among cancers.
| Cancer | Mutation | Difference | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| PC | KRASG12D | Lower survival rate and poorer prognosis after first‐line gemcitabine therapy and shorter OS in patients with locally advanced and/or metastatic PDAC | 94 |
| Little response to the combination of cobimetinib and gemcitabine in PDAC | 95 | ||
| A strong association with early distant metastasis after radical tumor resection and shorter postoperative OS and PFS in PDAC | 96 | ||
| KRASG12V | Little response to the combination of cobimetinib and gemcitabine in PDAC | 95 | |
| CRC | KRASG12D | Poor response to FOLFOX treatment and high risk of disease recurrence | 97 |
| Shorter OS compared with patients with KRASWT | 98 | ||
| KRASG12X | For patients with CRLM undergoing radical liver resection, KRAS G12 mutations is associated with shorter OS than G13 mutations, especially G12V or G12S. Besides, G12D and G12V are related to shorter OS and PFS | 99 , 100 | |
| KRASG12V | A higher risk of relapse and death | 88 , 101 | |
| Poorer survival in BRAFWT CRC | 102 | ||
| KRASG13D | Multiple metastatic sites as the disease progressed | 103 | |
| A tendency to lead lymph node metastasis, more common in advanced cancer and associated with higher PFS | 104 | ||
| KRASG12X | Associated with mucus histotype and favoring signaling pathways involved in regulating mucin production in colonic mucosal cells | 104 | |
| KRASG12C | Shorter OS, higher basal EGFR activation, and reduced immune profile | 105 | |
| NSCLC | KRASG12C | Shorter PFS treated with PD‐L1 inhibitors among patients with high PD‐L1 expression | 106 |
| KRASG12V | Worse OS, PFS, and recurrence rates | 107 | |
| Shorter survival, shorter duration of response to initial chemotherapy, and shorter OS after immunotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC with KEAP1/NFE2L2 co‐mutation | 108 | ||
| More pleural–pericardial metastases after thoracic surgery compared with other mutations | 107 |
Abbreviations: CRC, colorectal cancer; CRLM, colorectal liver metastases; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; NSCLC, non‐small cell lung cancer; OS, overall survival; PC, pancreatic adenocarcinoma; PDAC, pancreatic ductal carcinoma; PD‐L1, programmed death‐1‐ligand 1; PFS, progression‐free survival.