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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Microbiol. 2023 Apr 12;73:102298. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2023.102298

Figure 1: Species-specific NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasome responses to bacterial ligands.

Figure 1:

Mice and humans exhibit differences in NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasome responses to bacterial ligands. Mice express several different NAIPs (mNAIPs). Each mNAIP recognizes a distinct bacterial ligand: mNAIP5 and mNAIP6 detect flagellin, mNAIP2 detects T3SS inner rod proteins, and mNAIP1 detects T3SS needle proteins. Unlike mice, humans express a single NAIP (hNAIP), and this single hNAIP is capable of recognizing all three bacterial ligands that are individually recognized by the different mNAIPs. Upon ligand detection, NAIP recruits its adaptor, NLRC4 (murine NLRC4, mNRLC4; human NLRC4, hNLRC4), thereby forming the active NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasome.