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. 2023 Jan 4;22(1):515–527. doi: 10.1007/s40200-022-01173-2

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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

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Fig. 3 — a-e Effects of IF, starvation, exercise and honey on liver tumor necrotic factor-alpha (TNF-α) (a), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (b), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) (c), interleukin10 (IL-10) (d) and myeloperoxidase (e) concentrations in naïve male Wistar rats. Bars show Mean S.E.M. (n = 6). *P less than 0.05 in comparison to controls; bp less than 0.05 in relation to the intermittent fasting group; cp less than 0.05 in relation to the exercise group; dp less than 0.05 in relation to the honey group. f-j Effects of IF, starvation, exercise and honey on TNF-α (f), IL-6 (g), IL-1β (h), IL-10 (i) and myeloperoxidase (j) concentrations in diabetic Wistar rats. Bars shows Mean and S.E.M. (n = 6). ^*p less than 0.05 relative to controls; ^ap less than 0.05 in relation to diabetic group; ^bp less than 0.05 in relation to intermittent fasting group; ^cp < 0.05 in relation to exercise group; ^dp less than 0.05 relative to Honey group

Fig. 3 — a-e Effects of IF, starvation, exercise and honey on liver tumor necrotic factor-alpha (TNF-α) (a), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (b), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) (c), interleukin10 (IL-10) (d) and myeloperoxidase (e) concentrations in naïve male Wistar rats. Bars show Mean S.E.M. (n = 6). *P less than 0.05 in comparison to controls; bp less than 0.05 in relation to the intermittent fasting group; cp less than 0.05 in relation to the exercise group; dp less than 0.05 in relation to the honey group. f-j Effects of IF, starvation, exercise and honey on TNF-α (f), IL-6 (g), IL-1β (h), IL-10 (i) and myeloperoxidase (j) concentrations in diabetic Wistar rats. Bars shows Mean and S.E.M. (n = 6). ^*p less than 0.05 relative to controls; ^ap less than 0.05 in relation to diabetic group; ^bp less than 0.05 in relation to intermittent fasting group; ^cp < 0.05 in relation to exercise group; ^dp less than 0.05 relative to Honey group