Table 3.
Correlation of diabesity markers with essential metals and fetuin-A
| Variables | Fetuin-A (ng/mL) | Insulin (μIU/ml) | C-peptide (ng/dL) | HOMA-IR | QUICKI | HbA1c (%) | FBS (mg/dL) | BMI (kg/m2) | WHR (cm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cu2+ (μg/dL) | r = −0.31 | r = −0.21 | r = −0.21 | r = −0.11 | r = 0.12 | r = −0.30 | r = −0.05 | r = −0.20 | r = −0.10 |
| p = 0.031* | p = 0.040* | p = 0.045* | p = 0.127 | p = 0.136 | p = 0.038* | p = 0.478 | p = 0.047* | p = 0.160 | |
| Se2+ (μg/L) | r = −0.41 | r = −0.12 | r = −0.42 | r = −0.35 | r = 0.49 | r = −0.11 | r = −0.80 | r = −0.45 | r = −0.11 |
| p = 0.049* | p = 0.113 | p = 0.513 | p = 0.049* | p = 0.042* | p = 0.021 | p = 0.203 | p = 0.042* | p = 0.044 | |
| Zn2+ (μg/dL) | r = −0.42 | r = −0.14 | r = −0.13 | r = −0.36 | r = 0.30 | r = −0.32 | r = −0.13 | r = −0.16 | r = −0.17 |
| p = 0.001* | p = 0.033 | p = 0.047 | p = 0.012* | p = 0.003* | p = 0.001* | p = 0.038 | p = 0.011 | p = 0.043 | |
| Cr2+ (μg/L) | r = 0.10 | r = 0.03 | r = −0.02 | r = 0.04 | r = −0.05 | r = 0.05 | r = −0.01 | r = −0.03 | r = −0.02 |
| p = 0.425 | p = 0.653 | p = 0.734 | p = 0.475 | p = 0.447 | p = 0.393 | p = 0.879 | p = 0.685 | p = 0.753 | |
| Mn2+ (μg/L) | r = 0.06 | r = 0.01 | r = −0.01 | r = 0.01 | r = −0.01 | r = 0.01 | r = −0.11 | r = 0.16 | r = 0.11 |
| p = 0.314 | p = 0.943 | p = 0.864 | p = 0.813 | p = 0.942 | p = 0.924 | p = 0.074 | p = 0.040 | p = 0.074 | |
| Fe2+ (μg/dL) | r = −0.09 | r = −0.33 | r = −0.11 | r = 0.10 | r = −0.34 | r = −0.03 | r = −0.12 | r = −0.03 | r = −0.01 |
| p = 0.129 | p = 0.040* | p = 0.081 | p = 0.106 | p = 0.030* | p = 0.589 | p = 0.073 | p = 0.605 | p = 0.821 | |
| Mg2+ (mg/dL) | r = −0.42 | r = −0.15 | r = −0.02 | r = −0.06 | r = −0.06 | r = −0.12 | r = −0.12 | r = 0.16 | r = 0.11 |
| p = 0.046* | p = 0.820 | p = 0.820 | p = 0.371 | p = 0.373 | p = 0.560 | p = 0.042* | p = 0.010 | p = 0.074 | |
| Fetuin-A (ng/mL) | 1 | 0.23 | 0.27 | 0.33 | −0.40 | 0.40 | 0.38 | 0.33 | 0.19 |
| <0.0001* | <0.0001* | <0.0001* | <0.0001* | <0.0001* | <0.0001* | <0.0001* | <0.0001* |
Abbreviations: r Pearson correlation, BMI body mass index, WHR Waist-to-Hip Ratio, FBS Fasting Blood Sugar, HbA1c Glycosylated Hemoglobin, HOMA-IR Homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance, QUICKI Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, r Correlation Coefficient. Pearson correlation was used to analyze correlation. Boldfaced *p value <0.05 is considered statistically significant