Figure 3.

Population history of Sus species

A. The changes in effective population size of Sus cebifrons and the wild pigs over past years inferred by PSMC. The LGM is highlighted in gray. B. Split time for population pairs estimated by MSMC2. A relative cross-coalescence rate of 0.5 was artificially defined as the divergence time. The cold color lines indicate the split time of wild pig breeds in different regions; the warm color lines could somehow reflect the domestication time, even though the extant wild pigs may not be the direct ancestors of the domesticated breeds. See Table S7 for more details concerning breeds. C. A map depicting the hypothetical spread of wild pigs across Eurasia and the domestication events of pigs which happened in the Middle East and China. The shaded area covered in Southeast Asia indicates that Sus originated here. The circles represent the “node” groups, connecting two different groups. The brown circle depicts SMWs. The yellow circle depicts SCWs. The red squares refer to the domestication events. PSMC, pairwise sequentially Markovian coalescent model; MSMC2, multiple sequential Markovian coalescent model; LGM, Last Glacial Maximum; SMW, Sumatran wild boar; EUW, European wild boar; NCW, north Chinese wild boar; SCW, south Chinese wild boar; LW, Large White; MG, Mangalica; HT, Hetao; ASW, Asian wild boar; KYA, kiloyears ago.