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. 2023 May 28;29(6):e13350. doi: 10.1111/srt.13350

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Reduction of matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1) expression and enhancement of type I collagen secretion in normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF). (A and B) Inhibitory effects of sodium hyaluronate (HA) and acetylated sodium hyaluronate (AcHA) on MMP‐1 expression in NHDF. (A) Decreased MMP‐1 expression was observed in 0.0001% and 0.05% HA treated NHDF by cellular immunohistochemical analysis compared to AcHA groups and the control group (scale bar = 50 μm). (B) Normalized intensity analysis by ImageJ software showed a significant decrease in 0.0001% and 0.05% HA treated groups. (C) Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed increased type I collagen secretion in 0.0001% AcHA and 0.0001% HA and AcHA co‐treated groups, and the latter indicated a synergistic effect. Values are expressed as mean ± SD. P values were determined by unpaired t‐test. *Significance between control and treated group; #significance between AcHA and HA complex treated group (n = 3, n.s., no significance; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; #p < 0.05).