Table 1.

Search strategy used in the narrative review of the benefits of nature-based interventions in socio-economically deprived communities: concepts, search terms and screening eligibility criteria based on the PICO framework ³⁶ .

PICO	Concept	Search terms	Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
Population	Individuals living in socio-economically deprived communities	‘Socio-economic deprivation’ OR ‘Socio economic deprivation’ OR SES OR ‘socio economic status’ OR ‘socio-economic status’ OR depriv* OR ‘economic* depriv*’ OR ‘free school meal’ OR disadvantag* OR ‘social housing’ OR ‘poverty’ OR ‘income-poor’ OR ‘income poor’ OR ‘low-income’ OR ‘low income’ OR ‘index of multiple deprivation’ OR IMD	Individuals that resided in socio-economically deprived communities (both urban and rural) as defined by local guidelines. Participants of all ages, genders and ethnicities	Studies in which the intervention was administered in school, hospital or non-community settings as there are previous reviews of research in these fields
Intervention	Nature-based interventions	‘nature-based’ OR ‘nature based’ OR NBI OR ‘nature prescri*’ OR ‘nature play’ OR ‘green prescri*’ OR ‘green space*’ OR greenspace* OR ‘green exercise’ OR ‘green infrastructure’ OR horticultural OR garden* OR allotment* OR outdoor OR ‘natural environment’ OR ‘blue space*’ OR ‘park based’ OR ‘park prescri*’ OR parks OR ‘eco therapy’ OR ‘eco-therapy’ OR ‘wilderness therapy’ OR ‘wilderness-therapy’ OR ‘care-farming’ OR ‘care farming’ OR ‘farm therapy’ OR ‘farm-therapy’ OR ‘forest bathing’ OR ‘forest-bathing’ OR ‘environmental volunteering’ OR ‘wild play’	Any NBIs, activities or programmes that aimed to engage people in nature experiences. This included, but was not limited to, the following five categories:16,17 • Therapeutic horticulture • Biodiversity conservation • Care farming • Green exercise • Wilderness arts and crafts Interventions of any frequency or duration. Interventions that are accessible within the local community that an individual resides in	Interventions that were delivered on an environmental level (i.e. improvements to green space at an organisational level) were excluded if they did not offer direct involvement of an individual, group or community
Comparison	Either within-subject comparisons (pre- and post intervention) or between-subject comparisons with control or additional intervention conditions		Studies in which an NBI is compared to either a control or alternative intervention OR Studies that provide a within-subjects comparison of the intervention	Studies that were not of experimental design
Outcome	Health, social, economic or environmental benefits		Any measures that evaluate benefits of NBIs on health, economic, environment or social outcomes 14	Studies which do not report on outcomes for individuals

PICO: population, intervention, comparison, outcome; NBIs: nature-based interventions.