Table 1.

Summary of deprivation indices.

	Neighborhood deprivation index (NDI)	Social deprivation index (SDI)	Area deprivation index (ADI)	Social vulnerability index (SVI)
Data source	American Community Survey	US Census Data	American Community Survey 5-Y Estimates	US Census Data
Variables	1. % employed in management	1. <12 Y of schooling	1. % of block group’s population aged >=25 years with <9 years of education	1. Below poverty
	2. % unemployment	2. Crowding	2. % aged >=25 years with >= a high school diploma	2. Unemployed
	3. % high school graduates	3. No car	3. % of employed persons >=16 y of age in white-collar occupations	3. Income
	4. % Bachelor’s degree or higher	4. Unemployed	4. Median family income	4. No high school diploma
	5. % Households without telephone	5. Poverty	5. Income disparity	5. Aged ≥65 y
	6. % Households without plumbing	6. Renter occupied	6. Median home value	6. Aged ≤17 y
	7. Household income	7. Single-parent family	7. Median gross rent	7. Civilian with a disability
	8. Home value		8. Median monthly mortgage	8. Single-parent households
	9. % Family poverty		9. % Owner-occupied housing units (homeownership rate)	9. Minority
	10. % Public assistance		10. % Civilian labor force population >=16 y of age unemployed (unemployment rate)	10. Aged ≥5 y who speak English “less than well”
	11. % Female-headed household		11. % Families below the poverty level	11. Multiunit structures
	12. % Owner-occupied housing units		12. % Population below 150% of the poverty threshold	12. Mobile homes
	13. % Housing units receiving interest/dividends/rental income		13. % Single-parent households with children <18 y of age	13. Crowding
			14. % Occupied housing units without a motor vehicle	14. No vehicle
			15. % Occupied housing units without a telephone	15. Group quarters
			16. % Occupied housing units without complete plumbing (log)
			17. % Occupied housing units with >=1 person per room (crowding)
Intended use	To identify the geospatial variations of SES across different areas	To quantify levels of disadvantage across small areas, evaluate their associations with health outcomes, and address health inequities	To improve access and facilitate broad application, a neighborhood-disadvantage metric should be inclusive of all US neighborhoods, regularly updated, rigorously tested for validity, easily accessible, and constructed to meet the needs of a range of possible users	To help emergency response planners and public health officials identify and map communities that will most likely need support before, during, and after a hazardous event.
Data usage links	https://www.gis.cancer.gov/research/NeighDeprvIndex_Codebook.pdf	https://www.graham-center.org/rgc/maps-data-tools/sdi/social-deprivation-index.html	https://www.neighborhoodatlas.medicine.wisc.edu/	https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/placeandhealth/svi/index.html
Y (available)	2013–2017	2008–2012, 2011–2015	2014–2018	1999–2000, 2006–2010, 2010–2014, 2012–2016, 2014–2018
Areas	Census tract	Census tract	Census block	Census tract
Reference range	−2.5 to +1.9 (higher values indicate more neighborhood deprivation = lower SES)	1 (lowest level of disadvantage) to 100 (highest level of disadvantage)	1 (lowest level of disadvantage) to 100 (highest level of disadvantage)	1 (lowest level of disadvantage) to 100 (highest level of disadvantage)
Limitations	Geographic scale as NDI may be better illustrated on the census tract or census block level to draw more specific conclusions regarding a specific population’s neighborhood-level exposure	Outcome measures are estimates based on county measures	Estimates based on geographic units, subject to accuracy and errors contained in the American Community Survey, limited accounting for undocumented-immigrant populations	Estimates based on census data

SES, socioeconomic status; US, United States.