Table 2. This table demonstrates the cellular role present in the pancreatic beta cells involving mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation with AGE and DAG [3].

Figure original © Harshita Nadella.

ROS (reactive oxygen species)	Function
NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)	Provides electrons for aerobic ATP production
FADH2 (flavin adenine dinucleotide)	High energy electron carrier, transports electrons produced in glycolysis and Krebs cycle
AGE	Production of Maillard reaction, proteins or lipids that become glycated after exposure to sugar contributing to development of atherosclerosis
DAG	Secondary lipid messenger for transducing signals downstream of many receptors for activation, proliferation, migration