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Model showing the dual role of DNE1 in cytoplasmic mRNA decay. DNE1 can act as a decapping effector promoting mRNA decapping and 5′ to 3′ decay of mRNAs in an indirect manner. Direct targets are cleaved by the endoribonuclease action of DNE1, and the resulting cleaved RNA fragments are degraded by XRN4 (5′ to 3′ decay) and other exoribonucleases (3′ to 5′ decay). Whether or not DNE1 needs to be associated with DCP1 to cleave direct mRNA targets is unknown.
