Table 2.
Factors Associated With the Primary End Point
| Univariate analysis | Multivariable analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude HR | 95% CI | P value | HR | 95% CI | P value | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age (y) | 1.04 | 1.01–1.06 | 0.006 | |||
| Male, % | 1.28 | 0.61–2.71 | 0.514 | |||
| Medical history | ||||||
| Complex congenital heart disease | 0.57 | 0.27–1.20 | 0.140 | |||
| Previous cardiac surgery | 0.79 | 0.30–2.08 | 0.631 | |||
| Previous renal failure | 5.35 | 2.03–14.12 | 0.001 | 3.02 | 1.10–8.34 | 0.033 |
| COPD | 1.75 | 0.42–7.39 | 0.444 | |||
| PAH | 2.63 | 1.19–5.82 | 0.017 | 2.77 | 1.21–6.33 | 0.016 |
| Diabetes | 0.71 | 0.10–5.20 | 0.733 | |||
| History of heart failure hospitalization | 0.83 | 0.31–2.21 | 0.712 | |||
| Depression | 1.26 | 0.38–4.16 | 0.709 | |||
| Clinical characteristics | ||||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 1.00 | 0.93–1.06 | 0.898 | |||
| NYHA class III‐IV | 7.36 | 2.55–21.30 | < 0.001 | 5.20 | 1.76–15.41 | 0.003 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 0.99 | 0.97–1.01 | 0.428 | |||
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 0.99 | 0.96–1.02 | 0.661 | |||
| Heartbeat, bpm | 1.01 | 0.99–1.03 | 0.136 | |||
| Sodium, mmol/L | 0.86 | 0.78–0.96 | 0.007 | |||
| GFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2, MDRD | 0.98 | 0.96–0.99 | 0.003 | |||
| BNP > 360 ng/L (tertile 3) | 3.29 | 1.53–7.10 | 0.002 | 2.51 | 1.14–5.53 | 0.022 |
| Hemoglobin | 0.89 | 0.77–1.04 | 0.139 | |||
| Systemic ventricular EF, % | 0.99 | 0.95–1.02 | 0.448 | |||
| Medication at the time of the inclusion | ||||||
| Loop diuretics | 3.40 | 1.29–8.99 | 0.013 | |||
| ACE inhibitors | 0.55 | 0.24–1.25 | 0.151 | |||
| β‐blockers | 0.53 | 0.25–1.13 | 0.102 | |||
ACE indicates angiotensin‐conversion enzyme; BMI, body mass index; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; EF, ejection fraction; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HR, hazard ratio; MDRD, modification of diet in renal disease; NYHA, New York Heart Association; and PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension.