Table 1.
Participant Characteristics
| Variable | Preeclampsia (n=40) | Controls (n=40) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 35.7±4.5 | 35.9±3.1 | 0.863* |
| Race and ethnicity (n=67) | |||
| White, n (%) | 29 (88%) | 31 (91%) | 0.514 |
| Black, n (%) | 0 | 1 (3%) | |
| Hispanic/Latino, n (%) | 1 (3%) | 2 (6%) | |
| Filipino, n (%) | 2 (6%) | 0 | |
| Other, n (%) | 1 (3%) | 0 | |
| Weight, kg | 81.7±25.6 | 71.2±14.9 | 0.029* |
| Height, cm | 161.9±7.6 | 165±5.4 | 0.039* |
| BMI (kg/cm2) – median (IQR) | 27.8 (24.1–36.8) | 24.7 (21.8–29.5) | 0.020‡ |
| Waist circumference, cm | 98.8±20.2 | 86.2±13.3 | 0.002* |
| Brachial SBP mm Hg – median (IQR) | 109 (102–125) | 101 (95–106) | <0.0001‡ |
| Brachial DBP mm Hg – median (IQR) | 62 (57–72) | 54 (52–60) | <0.0001‡ |
| Brachial PP, mm Hg | 49.5±12.1 | 46±8.2 | 0.139* |
| MAP mm Hg – median (IQR) | 82 (76–93) | 72 (69–75) | <0.0001‡ |
| Gravidity | 0.841† | ||
| 1, n (%) | 12 (30%) | 10 (25%) | |
| 2, n (%) | 14 (35%) | 17 (43%) | |
| 3, n (%) | 6 (15%) | 7 (17%) | |
| >3, n (%) | 8 (20%) | 6 (15%) | |
| Living children | 0.101§ | ||
| 0, n (%) | 1 (3%) | 0 | |
| 1, n (%) | 18 (45%) | 12 (30%) | |
| 2, n (%) | 19 (47%) | 23 (57%) | |
| 3, n (%) | 0 | 4 (10%) | |
| >3, n (%) | 2 (5%) | 1 (3%) | |
| Time between last pregnancy and research study, y | 2.0±1.2 | 2.6±1.2 | 0.030* |
| Gestational diabetes, n (%) | 4 (10%) | 0 | 0.112§ |
| Onset of preeclampsia, GA in wks | 33.7±5.0 | … | … |
| Preterm preeclampsia, n (%) | 30 (75%) | … | … |
| Severe preeclampsia, n (%) | 18 (45%) | … | … |
| Recurrent preeclampsia, n (%) | 9 (22.5%) | … | … |
| History of smoking, n (%) | 13 (32.5%) | 9 (22.5%) | 0.316† |
| Pregestational hypertension, n (%) | 4 (10%) | 0 | 0.116§ |
| Pregestational diabetes, n (%) | 3 (7.5%) | 0 | 0.241§ |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.0±0.9 | 4.5±1.0 | 0.041* |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.6±0.4 | 1.6±0.3 | 0.207* |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.9±0.7 | 2.4±0.8 | 0.012* |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) – median (IQR) | 1.0 (0.6–1.5) | 0.8 (0.6–0.9) | 0.017‡ |
| Hemoglobin A1c, % | 5.3±0.4 | 5.1±0.3 | 0.010* |
| Serum creatinine, mmol/L | 62±8 | 62±8.9 | 0.742* |
| Estimated cardiovascular risk to age 95 y, %|| | 33.2±2.0 | 25.5±8.0 | 0.0009* |
| Family history of CAD, n (%) | 16 (40%) | 11 (27.5%) | 0.236† |
| Family history of HDP, n (%) | 6 (15%) | 7 (17.5%) | 0.762† |
BMI indicates body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; GA, gestational age; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; HDP, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; IQR, interquartile range; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; MAP, mean arterial pressure; PP, pulse pressure; and SBP, systolic blood pressure.
*
Comparison made using a t test.
†
Comparison made using a χ2 test.
‡
Comparison made using Wilcoxon rank‐sum test.
§
Comparison made using Fisher exact test.
||
Based on estimation from the Qrisk‐lifetime model. 30