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IL-17 and TNF pathway scores increased in female lupus nephritis patients. Microarray gene expression analysis of (A) IL-17 and (B) TNF pathway scores in the glomerular compartment of human lupus nephritis (LN) and healthy living donor (LD) biopsies: IL-17 and TNF signaling pathway scores were significantly higher in female LN (n = 19) compared to LD controls (n = 5) (p = 0.0186 and 0.091, respectively), but not in males (n = 9 LD and 3 LN) (p = 0.7921 and 0.2188, respectively).
