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Pathological mechanisms shared by IBD and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. IFN-γ, interferon gamma, TLRs, toll-like receptors, VEGF, vascular-endothelial growth factor, TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor, IL, interleukin, NO, nitric oxide, ICAM, intercellular adhesion molecule, VCAM, vascular cell adhesion protein, LPS, lipopolysaccharides.
