Table 1.
Overview of baseline characteristics
| The study population (n = 1370) | |
|---|---|
| Male sex (%) | 731 (53.4) |
| Age, years (SD) | 74.7 (4.1) |
| Alcohol consumption, standard units per week (SD) | 7.4 (8) |
| Smoking pack years (SD) | 16.7 (22.9) |
| Body-mass index, kg/m2 (SD) | 27.8 (4.6) |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score (SD) | 3.7 (1.2) |
| Comorbidities (%) | |
| Hypertension arterialis | 1254 (91.5) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 382 (27.9) |
| Congestive heart failure | 57 (4.2) |
| Previous stroke | 236 (17.2) |
| Chronic ischaemic heart disease | 157 (11.5) |
| Valvular heart disease | 59 (4.3) |
| Peripheral artery disease | 34 (2.5) |
| Concomitant medications (%) | |
| Beta-blockers | 319 (23.3) |
| Calcium channel blockers | 512 (37.4) |
| Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker | 40 (2.9) |
| Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors | 898 (65.5) |
| Diuretics | 449 (32.8) |
| Statins | 802 (58.5) |
| Insulins | 111 (8.1) |
| Other antidiabetic drugs | 297 (21.7) |
| ECG parameters | |
| PR interval, ms (SD) | 170.7 (31.7) |
| P-wave duration, ms (SD) | 94.5 (21.8) |
| P-wave voltage in Lead I, µV (SD) | 65.7 (36.1) |
| P-wave axis, degree (SD) | 47.3 (24) |
| P-wave terminal force in Lead V1, ms × µV (SD) | 1813.4 (2248.7) |
| Interatrial block (%) | 91 (6.7) |
| QTc interval, ms (SD) | 421.2 (22.2) |
| QRS duration, ms (SD) | 92.3 (19) |
| QRS-T angle, degree (SD) | 42.4 (35.4) |
Interatrial block was defined as P-wave duration ≥120 ms combined with the presence of biphasic P-wave (positive–negative) in any inferior lead. QTc interval was estimated using the Framingham formula.
Missing observations: PR interval, n = 3; P-wave duration, n = 4; P-wave voltage in Lead I, n = 7; P-wave axis, n = 28, P-wave terminal force in Lead V1, n = 7; interatrial block, n = 7.
Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; ECG, electrocardiogram; QTc, heart rate-corrected QT interval; SD, standard deviation.