Table 3.
Multiple logistic regression analysis of sleep quality and psychological symptoms among Chinese university students (N = 6,363).
| Psychological symptoms | PSQI | Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude model | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||
| Males | ||||
| Emotional symptoms | Good | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Moderate | 0.94 (0.58, 1.52) | 0.99 (0.61, 1.61) | 0.85 (0.52, 1.39) | |
| Poor | 2.87 (2.20, 3.76)b | 2.71 (2.07, 3.56)b | 2.25 (1.7, 2.98)b | |
| Behavioral symptoms | Good | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Moderate | 1.06 (0.68, 1.65) | 1.12 (0.72, 1.76) | 0.97 (0.61, 1.52) | |
| Poor | 2.70 (2.08, 3.51)b | 2.58 (1.99, 3.36)b | 2.14 (1.63, 2.81)b | |
| Difficulties with social adaptation | Good | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Moderate | 0.86 (0.50, 1.45) | 0.92 (0.54, 1.56) | 0.75 (0.43, 1.28) | |
| Poor | 3.05 (2.30, 4.06)b | 2.90 (2.18, 3.87)b | 2.25 (1.67, 3.03)b | |
| Psychological symptoms | Good | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Moderate | 1.03 (0.63, 1.67) | 1.10 (0.67, 1.79) | 0.91 (0.56, 1.51) | |
| Poor | 2.87 (2.17, 3.79)b | 2.71 (2.05, 3.59)b | 2.20 (1.64, 2.95)b | |
| Females | ||||
| Emotional symptoms | Good | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Moderate | 0.63 (0.44, 0.92)a | 0.57 (0.39, 0.83)b | 0.51 (0.35, 0.76)b | |
| Poor | 1.47 (1.18, 1.82)b | 1.36 (1.09, 1.69)a | 1.21 (0.96, 1.53) | |
| Behavioral symptoms | Good | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Moderate | 0.56 (0.39, 0.82)b | 0.52 (0.35, 0.76) | 0.45 (0.31, 0.67)b | |
| Poor | 1.41 (1.14, 1.75)b | 1.32 (1.06, 1.63) | 1.16 (0.92, 1.45) | |
| Difficulties with social adaptation | Good | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Moderate | 0.72 (0.46, 1.12) | 0.67 (0.43, 1.05) | 0.57 (0.36, 0.90)a | |
| Poor | 1.94 (1.50, 2.51)b | 1.84 (1.42, 2.38)b | 1.55 (1.18, 2.03)b | |
| Psychological symptoms | Good | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Moderate | 0.63 (0.43, 0.91)a | 0.57 (0.39, 0.83)b | 0.51 (0.34, 0.76)a | |
| Poor | 1.36 (1.10, 1.69)b | 1.27 (1.01, 1.58)a | 1.13 (0.89, 1.43) | |
| Total | ||||
| Emotional symptoms | Good | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Moderate | 0.77 (0.58, 1.03) | 0.76 (0.57, 1.02) | 0.66 (0.49, 0.89)a | |
| Poor | 1.99 (1.69, 2.35)b | 1.89 (1.6, 2.24)b | 1.62 (1.36, 1.94)b | |
| Behavioral symptoms | Good | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Moderate | 0.75 (0.56, 1.00) | 0.74 (0.56, 0.99)a | 0.64 (0.48, 0.86)b | |
| Poor | 1.90(1.62, 2.24)b | 1.81 (1.53, 2.14)b | 1.55 (1.30, 1.84)b | |
| Difficulties with social adaptation | Good | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Moderate | 0.79 (0.56, 1.11) | 0.78 (0.56, 1.10) | 0.64 (0.45, 0.91)a | |
| Poor | 2.39 (1.97, 2.89)b | 2.28 (1.88, 2.76)b | 1.84 (1.51, 2.25)b | |
| Psychological symptoms | Good | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Moderate | 0.79 (0.59, 1.06) | 0.78 (0.58, 1.05) | 0.67 (0.50, 0.91)a | |
| Poor | 1.90 (1.6, 2.25)b | 1.81 (1.52, 2.15)b | 1.53 (1.28, 1.84)b | |
Model 1 controlled for age, father’s education level, and mother’s education level; model 2 also controlled for screen time, body mass index, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. aP < 0.05, bP < 0.01. PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.