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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 May 30.
Published in final edited form as: Circulation. 2022 Aug 1;146(9):e119–e136. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001082

Figure 2. Patient-centric, integrated stepped care model of SDB and cardiac arrhythmia.

Figure 2.

A multidisciplinary team–based care approach in a patient-centered model leveraging technology to support sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) diagnostics and management in people with cardiac arrhythmia incorporating the following steps can be considered: initiation of (1) guideline-directed therapy, (2) SDB screening, (3) SDB diagnostics as indicated, (4) SDB treatment as indicated, and (5) cardiac arrhythmia risk factor and SDB management with the goal of follow-up to reduced cardiac arrhythmia–related morbidity and maintain sinus rhythm in atrial fibrillation (AF), as well as (6) teaching and self-care support. App indicates application; CSA, central sleep apnea; EMR, electronic medical record; HSAT, home sleep apnea testing; NABS, Neck Circumference/Age/Body Mass Index/Snoring; NC, neck circumference; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; PAP, positive airway pressure; PSG, polysomnogram; STOP-BANG, Snoring/Tiredness/Observed Apnea/Pressure (High Blood Pressure)/Body Mass Index/Age/Neck Circumference/Gender; and VTA, ventricular tachyarrhythmia. *Please refer to Table 3 for reference to sources for guideline recommendations for cardiac arrhythmia management. Reprinted with permission from the Cleveland Clinic Center for Medical Art & Photography. Copyright © 2022. All rights reserved.