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. 2023 May 30;13:8743. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-35070-2

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Potency of spike variants affinity to dimeric hACE2 receptors present on surface of the cells. Schematic representation of in vitro flow cytometry binding assay to estimate binding affinity of spike variants (A). The 293T-hACE2 cells were surface stained with biotinylated trimeric spike variants at different concentration. Percentage (B) and level (MFI) (C) of spike trimer bound to cells was quantified using streptavidin-PE conjugate in flow cytometry. The fold change of Delta, Omicron and C.1.2 binding (MFI) related to Wild was calculated at indicated concentration (D). Percentage of maximum spike binding was calculated from MFI, plotted against concentration and a non-linear curve fitting was used to estimate the EC₅₀ of spike variants (E).