TABLE 1.
Clinical characteristics and laboratory tests of the study population
| Characteristic | Control (n = 54) | Sepsis (n = 173, PO2/FiO2, mm Hg) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| >300 (n = 46) | 100–300 (n = 108) | <100 (n = 19) | P | ||
| Female (n, %) | 31 (13.7) | 22 (12.7) | 46 (26.6) | 5 (2.9) | 0.072,* 0.277† |
| Age <60 y (n, %) | 39 (17.2) | 33 (19.1) | 60 (34.7) | 12 (6.9) | 0.170,* 0.695† |
| Vital signs | |||||
| Temperature (°C) | 36.5 (36.32–36.9) | 37.15 (36.8–37.6) | 37.3 (36.5–38.2) | 37.8 (36.95–38.4) | <0.001,* 0.563† |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 83 (76.5, 90.25) | 112.2 ± 28.91 | 116.44 ± 28.77 | 125.26 ± 19.89 | <0.001,* 0.233† |
| Respiratory rate (bpm) | 20 (19–20) | 20.5 (10.25–26) | 20 (0–30.25) | 18 (0–33) | 0.806,* 0.654† |
| MAP (mm Hg) | 89 (82.67–98.61) | 81.22 ± 22.5 | 81.63 ± 20.98 | 78.23 ± 20.28 | <0.001,* 0.814† |
| HIF-1α (ng/mL) | 2.19 (1.59–3.32) | 2.74 (1.7–3.32) | 3 (2.04–3.91) | 3.25 (2.32–3.97) | 0.011,* 0.078† |
| Laboratory index | |||||
| WBC (109/L) | 6.56 (5.07–8.76) | 12.43 (8.83–18.57) | 15.23 (8.81–19.34) | 21.8 (14.47–23.1) | <0.001,* 0.058† |
| ALT (U/L) | 17.5 (11–28) | 23.5 (15–74.75) | 28.5 (14–82.5) | 35 (12–58.5) | <0.001,* 0.905† |
| AST (U/L) | 20 (15–28.75) | 48 (23–84) | 47.5 (24–119.25) | 61 (20–136.5) | <0.001,* 0.821† |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 4.71 (4.03–5.91) | 11.65 (6.96–19) | 10.35 (6.74–15.95) | 13 (7.77–21.38) | <0.001,* 0.437† |
| Cr (μmol/L) | 64 (54–73) | 123.5 (79–287.75) | 117.5 (74.75–269) | 162 (122–247) | <0.001,* 0.551† |
| Critical illness score | |||||
| aCCI | 2 (0–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (0.75–4) | 2 (0.5–4) | 0.919,* 0.919† |
| qSOFA | 0 (0–1) | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1–2) | 2 (2–2) | <0.001,* 0.695† |
| SOFA | 1 (0–2.75) | 6 (4–10.5) | 8 (5.75–10) | 10 (9–12) | 0.001,* 0.001† |
| Arterial blood gas | |||||
| PCO2 (mm Hg) | — | 36.45 (29.02–40.98) | 36.4 (29.67–42.23) | 37 (29.1–50.35) | 0.616† |
| PO2 (mm Hg) | — | 143.5 (119.25–181.75) | 84 (69.68–99.25) | 57 (50.5–60.5) | <0.001† |
| SaO2 (%) | 100 (96.25–100) | 98.5 (94.75–100) | 93 (90.5–97) | <0.001† | |
| Lac (mmol/L) | — | 3.45 (2.35–5.08) | 3.88 (2.83–6.29) | 5.06 (2.84–8.88) | 0.191† |
| PO2/FiO2 (mm Hg) | — | 365.43 (330.49–466.43) | 201.35 (151.5–241.53) | 66.25 (60–85.53) | <0.001† |
| Clinical outcomes | |||||
| IMV (n, %) | — | 20 (11.6) | 62 (35.8) | 16 (9.2) | 0.010† |
| IMV time (h) | — | 0 (0–33.75) | 11 (0–87) | 31 (15.5–74) | 0.033† |
| In-ICU mortality (n, %) | — | 4 (2.3) | 13 (7.5) | 1 (0.6) | 0.808† |
| ICU stay time (h) | — | 86 (41.5–161.25) | 90.5 (39.75–214.5) | 60 (26–159.5) | 0.387† |
| 28-d Mortality (n, %) | — | 9 (5.2) | 33 (19.1) | 9 (5.2) | 0.077† |
| 28-d Survival (d) | — | 28 (28–28) | 28 (20–28) | 28 (13–28) | 0.147† |
*Comparisons between nonseptic and septic group.
†Within septic subgroup comparisons.
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; bpm, beats/breaths per minute; Lac, lactic acid; PCO2, partial pressure of carbon dioxide; SaO2, arterial oxygen saturation.