Table 1:

Behavioral Ethogram

Behavior	Definition
Anxiety	Behaviors associated with a state of stress or uneasiness (unlike fear, may not be in response to an identifiable trigger); Include scratching, yawning, teeth grinding, body shaking
Fear	Behaviors associated with escape or avoidance. Fear behaviors are associated with a specific triggering stimulus (e.g., a threat from another primate); Include fear grimace/bared-teeth grin, crouching, freezing, cringing, bracing against cage walls
Abnormal Behaviors	Definition
Bizarre posturing*	Holding seemingly uncomfortable or unnatural positions; ex. hind leg extensions
Digit sucking	Oral behavior marked by lips being sealed around a digit (finger or toe). Cheeks may be seen moving during sucking.
Other self-injurious behavior	Any self-injurious behavior not otherwise specified by this list (self-slapping, head banging, etc.)
Other stereotypy*	Ritualistic behaviors not involving locomotion that are not included in another abnormal behavior category; include but not limited to skin pulling, tail grasping
Eye behaviors	Movement directed at an animal’s own eye and/or eyelid, including saluting, eye covering, and eye poking
Feces-directed behavior	Smearing or rubbing fecal material onto a surface; coprophagy
Floating limb	Subject raises arm or leg in the air, with the appearance of no control of the arm or leg
Hair pluck	Pulling out/removing one’s own hair, may or may not be followed by ingestion of the plucked hair
Hunched posture	Animal is inactive and seated in a slumped or fetal-like position with head at or lower than shoulder level, back rounded, shoulders forward, and limbs drawn toward center of the body. This behavior is only recorded if the animal’s eyes are open or if you are unable to determine whether the eyes are open. If the eyes are closed, score this as inactive (which includes sleeping). Self-clasping (clutching of one’s own body with hands or feet) is scored separately.
Regurgitation & re-ingestion	Animal regurgitates/vomits food or liquid and ingests vomited material
Self-bite	Rapidly biting oneself with force; may or may not break the skin
Self-clasp	Clutching of one’s own body with hands or feet; This is scored separately from hunched posture;
Urine drink	Urophagia; licking or sucking of urine either directly from the penis or pooled on a surface; urine must be visible to be scored (i.e., penis sucking is scored as a self-directed stereotypy)
Whole body stereotypy*	Repetitive behavior patterns involving whole body movements that do not serve an obvious function; this behavior is recorded after 3 repetitions (flipping, pacing, circling, rocking, swaying)
Miscellaneous Behaviors	Definition
Pan fishing	Manual (hand) manipulation or investigation of items inside pan followed immediately with hand, fingers, or item retrieved from the pan touching the mouth or tongue (fecal content involved scored as “feces” behavior)
Chow tossing	Manual (hand) depositing of chow outside of the cage

^*Behavior recorded only after occurring for 3 seconds or more