Scheme 1. (A) and (B) illustrate the forces experienced by cells in 3DEP and CF-DEP platforms, respectively. Illustration of the DEP-BPE microfluidic device utilized for selective capture of individual CMCs (C), the principle of pDEP attraction and nDEP repulsion in a non-uniform electric field (D), and DEP spectra showing the frequency at the crossover frequency (cof) (E).
