Table I.

Patients’ inclusion and exclusion criteria

Data	Control (n = 27)	T1D (n = 35)	DN (n = 41)
Inclusion Criteria	• Children without any kidney, cardiovascular, and endocrine disease at present and in anamnesis • Children without any pathological changes in urinalysis during the last 5 years (regular follow-up in local out-patient hospitals accordingly to National Protocol for Healthy children observation) • Urinary albumin excretion within physiological range prior to study	• Children with T1D and without signs of DN. Follow-up every 3 months. • Disease duration ≤ 1 year	• Children with T1D and DN signs (2 out of 3 samples with microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria). Follow-up every 3 months. • Disease duration ≥ 1 year • Other than DN causes of albuminuria in all patients excluded
Exclusion Criteria	• Chronic inflammatory or autoimmune diseases • Organ transplant • Arterial hypertension • Viral hepatitis B or C, liver cirrhosis, or other severe liver diseases • Acute and chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract • Previous acute kidney injury • Major surgery within 12 months before study • AIDS • Heart disease • Cancer • Required to take drugs affecting immune system	• Chronic inflammatory or autoimmune diseases • Organ transplant • Arterial hypertension • Viral hepatitis B or C, liver cirrhosis, or other severe liver diseases • Acute and chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract • Previous acute kidney Injury • Major surgery within 12 months before study • AIDS • Heart disease • Cancer • Required to take drugs affecting immune system	• Chronic inflammatory or autoimmune diseases • Organ transplant • Arterial hypertension • Viral hepatitis B or C, liver cirrhosis, or other severe liver diseases • Acute and chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract • Previous acute kidney injury • Major surgery within 12 months before study • AIDS • Heart disease • Cancer • Required to take drugs affecting immune system