Table 4.

Summary of a randomized study on the effect of single herb or herbal extract on PCOS outcomes.

Model	Herbalmedicine	Secrete factors	Results	Reference
RCT	Fenugreek Seed Extract	LH and FSH	The levels of LH and FSH were significantly increased, and the ovarian volume and ovarian cysts were significantly reduced	2015 (80)
RCT	Cinnamon bark	INS, TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL	Improved menstrual cycle and ovarian size	2019 (81–84)
RCT	Berberine	/	Reduce fat and improve insulin resistance	2016 (88)
/	Coptis chinensis	MAPK1, CXCL8, IL-6, IL-1β	The pathological damage of ovarian tissue was reversed and the mRNA and protein expression levels of central predictive targets (MAPK1, CXCL8, IL-6 and IL-1β) were improved	2021 (89)
RCT	Curcumin	INS, TC	Decreased body weight, TC, FBG, INS, IR, insulin sensitivity significantly increased	2020 (92–94)
RCT	S. officinalis extract	/	Reduced BMI and systolic blood pressure in PCOS patients and reduced insulin resistance	2020 (95)
RCT	Marjoram herb	FSH, LH, P, T, E_2, GnRH, DHEA-S, FPG	DHEA-s, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR levels were significantly decreased, insulin sensitivity was improved, and adrenal androgen levels were decreased	2016 (97)

LH, luteinizing hormone; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; INS, insulin; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; MAPK1, Mitogen-activated protein kinase; P, progesterone; T, testosterone; E_2, oestradiol; GnRH, DHEA-S, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate; FPG, fasting Plasma Glucose; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance.