Table 1.
Sample characteristics by incident and persistent depressive symptoms, Thailand, 2015–2017
| Baseline variables | Subcategories | Baseline sample | Incident depressive symptoms | Persistent depressive symptoms |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| All | 5616 | 290 (9.8) | 76 (18.3) | |
| Age, in years | 45–54 | 1105 (19.7) | 51 (9.0) | 9 (15.0) |
| 55–64 | 1500 (26.7) | 61 (7.5) | 17 (16.2) | |
| 66–74 | 1370 (24.4) | 83 (10.8) | 21 (20.0) | |
| 75 or more | 1641 (29.2) | 95 (11.4) | 29 (19.9) | |
| Gender | Female | 2930 (52.2) | 164 (10.5) | 49 (19.7) |
| Male | 2686 (47.8) | 126 (8.9) | 27 (16.2) | |
| Education | None | 363 (6.5) | 16 (10.1) | 8 (13.6) |
| Elementary | 4217 (75.4) | 237 (10.3) | 62 (20.0) | |
| >Elementary | 1016 (18.2) | 35 (7.0) | 6 (13.0) | |
| Marital status | Not married | 2352 (41.9) | 143 (11.8) | 29 (15.8) |
| Married/cohabiting | 3258 (58.1) | 147 (8.3) | 47 (20.3) | |
| Religion | Muslim or other | 401 (7.1) | 25 (12.3) | 9 (11.5) |
| Buddhist | 5208 (92.9) | 565 (9.6) | 67 (19.9) | |
| Subjective economic status | Low | 503 (9.3) | 41 (15.9) | 20 (28.6) |
| Middle | 3136 (57.9) | 173 (10.4) | 39 (17.1) | |
| High | 1777 (32.8) | 72 (7.3) | 13 (13.5) | |
| Social participation | No | 3957 (70.6) | 228 (10.8) | 58 (21.8) |
| Yes | 1650 (29.4) | 62 (7.1) | 18 (12.1) | |
| Alcohol use | Never | 4530 (80.7) | 237 (9.9) | 67 (19.3) |
| Past | 391 (7.0) | 23 (11.0) | 6 (18.2) | |
| Current | 695 (12.4) | 30 (8.1) | 3 (8.6) | |
| Smoking (tobacco use) | Never | 4483 (79.8) | 234 (9.8) | 63 (18.8) |
| Past | 426 (7.6) | 23 (10.2) | 7 (20.0) | |
| Current | 707 (12.6) | 33 (9.0) | 6 (13.3) | |
| Physical activity | ≥150 min/week | 877 (15.6) | 48 (8.7) | 12 (24.5) |
| <150 min/week | 4739 (84.4) | 245 (10.0) | 64 (17.4) | |
| Body mass index | Normal | 1912 (37.7) | 113 (11.2) | 22 (15.2) |
| Underweight | 559 (11.0) | 26 (9.6) | 8 (14.5) | |
| Overweight | 1007 (19.9) | 46 (8.2) | 8 (14.8) | |
| Obesity | 1592 (31.4) | 82 (9.5) | 24 (21.6) | |
| Chronic conditions | ||||
| Cardiovascular | No | 3554 (63.3) | 169 (8.9) | 35 (16.5) |
| Yes | 2062 (36.7) | 121 (11.3) | 41 (20.1) | |
| Endocrine (diabetes) | No | 4767 (84.9) | 230 (9.1) | 62 (18.5) |
| Yes | 849 (15.1) | 60 (13.8) | 14 (17.5) | |
| Musculoskeletal | No | 5249 (93.5) | 262 (9.4) | 65 (17.4) |
| Yes | 367 (6.5) | 28 (14.6) | 11 (25.6) | |
| Liver or kidney disease | No | 5491 (97.8) | 281 (9.7) | 74 (18.4) |
| Yes | 125 (2.2) | 9 (13.6) | 2 (14.3) | |
| Respiratory | No | 5567 (99.1) | 286 (9.7) | 73 (17.8) |
| Yes | 49 (0.9) | 4 (14.8) | 3 (42.9) | |
| Cancer | No | 5565 (99.1) | 285 (9.7) | 75 (18.2) |
| Yes | 51 (0.9) | 5 (19.2) | 1 (25.0) | |
| Sensory | No | 4842 (86.2) | 239 (9.3) | 53 (16.4) |
| Yes | 774 (13.8) | 51 (12.7) | 23 (25.0) | |
| Neurological | No | 5569 (99.2) | 286 (9.7) | 74 (18.1) |
| Yes | 47 (0.8) | 4 (25.0) | 2 (25.0) | |
| Number of chronic conditions | ||||
| Chronic conditions | 0 | 2720 (48.4) | 111 (7.6) | 18 (13.1) |
| 1 | 1617 (28.8) | 89 (10.3) | 26 (19.4) | |
| 2 | 898 (16.0) | 56 (12.0) | 16 (18.0) | |
| 3 or more | 381 (6.8) | 34 (18.1) | 16 (28.6) | |