Table 1.
Sample characteristics stratified by age groups and treatment outcome.
| Variable | Age groups | GLM Categorical (Age groups) |
GLM Numerical (Life-years) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20–30 | 31–40 | 41–50 | 51–60 | 61–70 | > 70 | ||||||
| n | 71 | 125 | 223 | 238 | 131 | 104 | |||||
| Age | 26.3 ± 2.6 | 35.5 ± 2.9 | 45.8 ± 2.9 | 55.4 ± 2.8 | 64.7 ± 2.9 | 76.9 ± 5.2 | F | p | t | p | |
| TRD | 33 (46.5%) | 75 (60%) | 156 (69.7%) | 159 (66.8%) | 86 (65.7%) | 60 (57.7%) | / | 0.006* (Chisq) | 0.88 (z) | n.s. | |
| Sex (female) | TRD | 66.7% | 68.0% | 64.7% | 64.8% | 64.0% | 61.7% | / | n.s. | / | / |
| Resp. | 68.4% | 58.0% | 64.2% | 65.8% | 66.7% | 70.5% | / | n.s. | / | / | |
| No. of MDE | TRD | 2.6 ± 2.6 | 3.7 ± 2.3 | 3.9 ± 2.8 | 3.8 ± 2.9 | 4.2 ± 3.1 | 4.9 ± 3.8 | 2.5 | 0.032* | 3.14 | 0.002* |
| Resp. | 2.2 ± 1.2 | 3.3 ± 2.9 | 3.2 ± 2.9 | 2.8 ± 2.2 | 3.1 ± 1.9 | 3.2 ± 2.7 | 0.84 | n.s. | 0.82 | n.s. | |
| Duration MDE | TRD | 8.3 ± 5.1 | 8.2 ± 5.8 | 8.6 ± 6.1 | 9.3 ± 7.0 | 8.2 ± 7.0 | 5.9 ± 6.4 | 2.22 | n.s. | −1.37 | n.s. |
| Resp. | 4.6 ± 5.7 | 5.4 ± 7.1 | 4.3 ± 5.5 | 5.9 ± 6.9 | 5.7 ± 6.4 | 4.7 ± 5.1 | 0.52 | n.s. | 0.43 | n.s. | |
| Hosp. time | TRD | 2.6 ± 6.1 | 2.7 ± 7.0 | 3.9 ± 9.5 | 5.1 ± 10.3 | 7.3 ± 11.4 | 12.4 ± 14.1 | 8.3 | >0.0001 | 5.82 | >0.0001 |
| Resp. | 3.3 ± 4.9 | 4.7 ± 10.0 | 5.7 ± 11. | 5.05 ± 6.7 | 3.3 ± 7.0 | 4.7 ± 9.9 | 0.63 | n.s. | 0.06 | n.s. | |
| MADRS current | TRD | 30.3 ± 6.0 | 30.6 ± 5.6 | 30.5 ± 6.0 | 31.4 ± 6.2 | 32.4 ± 6.5 | 32.7 ± 8.3 | 1.92 | n.s. | 3.01 | 0.003 |
| Resp. | 8.6 ± 5.0 | 8.9 ± 4.8 | 9.0 ± 5.1 | 8.2 ± 4.6 | 8.1 ± 5.3 | 7.2 ± 4.5 | 0.92 | n.s. | 3.00 | n.s. | |
| MADRS retrosp. | TRD | 34.0 ± 5.5 | 34.2 ± 5.7 | 35.0 ± 6.2 | 36.5 ± 6.6 | 36.6 ± 7.1 | 37.8 ± 8.3 | 3.44 | 0.005* | 4.54 | >0.0001 |
| Resp. | 33.3 ± 7.5 | 31.8 ± 6.9 | 33 ± 67.3 | 33.6 ± 8.2 | 32.3 ± 8.4 | 31.6 ± 7.3 | 0.75 | n.s. | 0.84 | n.s. | |
Note: Results of generalized linear models with age as a categorical (F and p-value) or numerical predictor (t and p-value) are reported. Results not withstanding correction for multiple testing are marked with *.
Abbreviations: GLM, generalized linear model; MADRS, Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale; MDE, major depressive episode; TRD, treatment-resistant depression.