Table 3.
Anxiety, Depression, Sleep Quality, and Quality of Life in IBD Patients in Mild, Moderate, Severe Activity
| IBD (n = 1532) | UC (n = 967) | CD (n = 565) | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Mild | Moderate | Severe | P | All | Mild | Moderate | Severe | P | All | Mild | Moderate | Severe | P | ||
| Anxiety | 0.011 | 0.051 | 0.243 | |||||||||||||
| No (GAD-7<10) | 1082(70.6) | 422(71.8) | 530(72.2) | 130(61.9) | 663(68.6) | 258(69.9) | 324(70.1) | 81(59.6) | 419(74.2) | 164(74.9) | 206(75.7) | 49(66.2) | ||||
| Yes (GAD-7≥10) | 450(29.4) | 166(28.2) | 204(27.8) | 80(38.1) | 304(31.4) | 111(30.1) | 138(29.9) | 55(40.4) | 146(25.8) | 55(25.1) | 66(24.3) | 25(33.8) | ||||
| Symptom Severity | 0.040 | 0.082 | 0.758 | |||||||||||||
| Minimal | 571(37.3) | 209(35.5) | 295(40.2) | 67(31.9) | 367(38.0) | 130(35.2) | 192(41.6) | 45(33.1) | 204(36.1) | 79(36.1) | 103(37.9) | 22(29.7) | ||||
| Mild | 511(33.4) | 213(36.2) | 235(32.0) | 63(30.0) | 296(30.6) | 128(34.7) | 132(44.5) | 36(26.5) | 215(38.1) | 85(38.8) | 103(37.9) | 27(36.5) | ||||
| Moderate | 272(17.8) | 98(16.7) | 127(17.3) | 47(22.4) | 192(19.9) | 69(18.7) | 90(19.5) | 33(17.2) | 80(14.2) | 29(13.2) | 37(13.6) | 14(18.9) | ||||
| Severe | 178(11.6) | 68(11.6) | 77(10.5) | 33(15.7) | 112(11.6) | 42(11.4) | 48(10.4) | 22(16.2) | 66(11.7) | 26(11.9) | 29(10.7) | 11(14.9) | ||||
| Depression | 0.017 | 0.02 | 0.588 | |||||||||||||
| No (PHQ-9<10) | 1026(67.0) | 396(67.3) | 507(69.1) | 123(58.6) | 634(65.6) | 245(66.4) | 314(68.0) | 75(55.1) | 392(69.4) | 151(68.9) | 193(71.0) | 48(64.9) | ||||
| Yes (PHQ-9≥10) | 506(33.0) | 192(32.7) | 227(30.9) | 87(41.4) | 333(34.4) | 124(33.6) | 148(32.0) | 61(44.9) | 173(30.6) | 68(31.1) | 79(29.0) | 26(35.1) | ||||
| Symptom Severity | 0.060 | 0.203 | 0.387 | |||||||||||||
| Minimal | 606(39.6) | 238(40.5) | 303(41.3) | 65(31.0) | 400(41.4) | 155(42.0) | 199(43.1) | 46(33.8) | 206(36.5) | 83(37.9) | 104(38.3) | 19(25.7) | ||||
| Mild | 420(27.4) | 158(26.9) | 204(27.8) | 58(27.5) | 234(24.2) | 90(24.4) | 115(24.9) | 29(21.3) | 186(32.9) | 68(31.1) | 89(32.7) | 29(39.2) | ||||
| Moderate | 273(17.8) | 99(16.7) | 130(17.7) | 44(21.0) | 184(19.0) | 67(18.2) | 85(18.4) | 32(23.6) | 89(15.8) | 32(14.6) | 45(16.5) | 12(16.2) | ||||
| Severe | 233(15.2) | 93(15.8) | 97(41.6) | 43(20.5) | 149(15.4) | 57(15.4) | 63(13.6) | 29(21.3) | 84(14.9) | 36(16.4) | 34(12.5) | 14(18.9) | ||||
| Sleep disturbance | 0.056 | 0.077 | 0.583 | |||||||||||||
| No (PSQI≤5) | 427(27.9) | 163(27.7) | 219(29.8) | 45(21.4) | 267(27.6) | 103(27.9) | 137(29.7) | 27(19.9) | 160(28.3) | 60(27.4) | 82(30.1) | 18(24.3) | ||||
| Yes (PSQI>5) | 1105(72.1) | 425(72.3) | 515(70.2) | 165(78.6) | 700(72.4) | 266(72.1) | 325(70.3) | 109(80.1) | 405(71.7) | 159(72.6) | 190(69.9) | 56(75.7) | ||||
| Sleep quality | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.458 | |||||||||||||
| Good | 575(37.5) | 225(38.3) | 288(39.2) | 62(29.5) | 369(38.2) | 147(39.8) | 183(39.6) | 39(28.7) | 206(36.5) | 78(35.6) | 105(38.6) | 23(31.1) | ||||
| Medium | 656(42.8) | 266(45.2) | 312(42.5) | 78(37.1) | 403(41.6) | 162(43.9) | 194(42.0) | 47(34.6) | 253(44.8) | 104(47.5) | 118(43.4) | 31(41.9) | ||||
| Poor | 251(16.4) | 78(13.3) | 118(16.1) | 55(26.2) | 169(17.5) | 51(13.8) | 78(16.9) | 40(29.3) | 82(14.5) | 27(12.3) | 40(14.7) | 15(20.3) | ||||
| Very poor | 50(3.3) | 19(3.2) | 16(2.2) | 15(7.1) | 26(2.7) | 9(2.4) | 7(1.5) | 10(7.4) | 24(4.2) | 10(4.6) | 9(3.3) | 5(6.7) | ||||
| Quality of life | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||||||||
| Poor (IBD-Q<169) | 768(50.1) | 235(40.0) | 384(52.3) | 149(71.0) | 507(52.4) | 149(40.4) | 262(56.7) | 96(70.6) | 261(46.2) | 86(39.3) | 122(44.9) | 53(71.6) | ||||
| Not poor (IBD-Q≥169) | 764(49.9) | 353(60.0) | 350(47.7) | 61(29.0) | 460(47.6) | 220(59.6) | 200(43.3) | 40(29.4) | 304(53.8) | 133(60.7) | 150(55.1) | 21(28.4) | ||||
Abbreviations: GAD-7, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; IBD-Q, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Quality-of-Life Questionnaire; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; UC, ulcerative colitis; CD, Crohn’s disease; P, P value.