Table 6.
Patients’ baseline characteristics according to the left pulmonary veins wall thickness
| Left PVs LAWT ≤ 1.75 mm (n = 76) | Left PVs LAWT > 1.75 mm (n = 45) | Total patients (n = 121) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 65.1 ± 9.9 | 63.4 ± 8.8 | 64.5 ± 9.5 | 0.34 |
| Male | 46 (60.5) | 38 (84.4) | 84 (69.4) | 0.01 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.2 ± 6.1 | 30.6 ± 5.7 | 29.6 ± 6.0 | 0.25 |
| Hypertension | 42 (55.2) | 28 (62.2) | 70 (57.8) | 0.24 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 26 (34.2) | 13 (28.9) | 39 (32.2) | 0.54 |
| Smoke history | 4 (5.3) | 2 (4.4) | 6 (5.0) | 0.99 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 13 (17.1) | 8 (17.8) | 21 (17.3) | 0.80 |
| LVEF >55% | 61 (80.3) | 34 (75.6) | 95 (78.5) | 0.65 |
| LA diameter (mm) | 43.2 ± 5.8 | 44.2 ± 5.9 | 43.5 ± 5.8 | 0.47 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 0.74 |
| HAS-BLED score | 1.0 (0.0–1.2) | 1.0 (0.0–2.0) | 1.0 (0.0–2.0) | 0.56 |
| Longest AF episode (months) | 2.0 (2.0–14.0) | 2.0 (1.0–8.0) | 2.0 (1.0–13.0) | 0.13 |
| Time since diagnosis (months) | 9.0 (8.0–20.2) | 9.0 (8.0–14.0) | 9.0 (8.0–20.0) | 0.25 |
| Baseline medications | ||||
| Beta-blocker | 28 (36.8) | 17 (37.8) | 45 (37.2) | 0.69 |
| Flecainide | 11 (14.5) | 10 (22.2) | 21 (17.4) | 0.32 |
| Propafenone | 2 (2.6) | 1 (2.2) | 3 (2.5) | 0.99 |
| Amiodarone | 43 (56.6) | 21 (46.7) | 64 (52.9) | 0.35 |
| Underlying cardiomyopathy | 0.31 | |||
| None | 52 (68.4) | 24 (53.3) | 76 (62.8) | |
| Hypertensive | 8 (10.5) | 11 (24.4) | 19 (15.7) | |
| Ischaemic | 4 (5.3) | 3 (6.7) | 7 (5.8) | |
| Valvular | 3 (3.9) | 1 (2.2) | 4 (3.3) | |
| Hypertrophic | 1 (1.3) | 1 (2.2) | 2 (1.7) | |
| Other | 8 (10.5) | 4 (8.9) | 12 (9.9) |
Results are reported as n (%) for categorical variables and median (interquartile range) or mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables. Statistically significant differences between the two groups are shown in bold (P < 0.05). BMI, body mass index; LA, left atrium; LAWT, left atrial wall thickness; LVEF, left ventricle ejection fraction; PeAF, persistent atrial fibrillation; PVs, pulmonary veins.