Figure 4.

Biochemical markers of calcium metabolism before (baseline), 24 h after (post), and 96 h after (recovery) the field exercise. Women (n = 14) and men supplemented with protein (Men Protein, n = 15) were independently compared with nonsupplemented men (Men Controls, n = 15) to examine the effect of sex and protein supplementation. Data were analyzed with linear mixed-effects models. ^aP < 0.05 vs. baseline (main effects, Women and Men Controls pooled); ^bP < 0.05 vs. post (main effects, Women and Men Controls pooled); ^cP < 0.05 vs. baseline (main effects, Men Controls and Men Protein pooled); ^dP < 0.05 vs. post (main effects, Men Controls and Men Protein pooled). PO₄, phosphate; PTH, parathyroid hormone; total 25(OH)D, total 25-hydroxyvitamin D; total 24,25(OH)₂D, total 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; total 1,25(OH)₂D, total 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.