Surgical approach and resection type. A, Proportion of surgical approach: open (n = 27; 73%), VATS (n = 7; 19%), and RATS (n = 3; 8%). B, Proportion of resection type: pneumonectomy (n = 2; 5%), lobectomy (n = 30; 81%), bilobectomy (n = 1; 3%), sleeve lobectomy (n = 2; 5%), segmentectomy (n = 1; 3%), and wedge resection (n = 1; 3%). VATS, Video-assisted thorascopic surgery; RATS, robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.