Figure 1.
Lignin biosynthetic pathway. CCR, Cinnamoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) reductase. Caffeic acid/5-OH ferulic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT I) catalyzes the second step of methylation as deduced by the analysis of transgenic tobacco inhibited for this enzyme (Atanassova et al., 1995), but in vitro studies indicate that COMT I may use 5-OH ferulic acid as well as its CoA, aldehyde, and alcohol derivatives (Humphreys et al., 1999; Maury et al., 1999; Osakabe et al., 1999).