Table 4. Analysis of factors associated with cognitive impairment such as mean age, education (in years), mean Cornell score, and percentage of depression, diabetes, hypertension, and of stroke, within the subgroups classified as CN and SCD at baseline with participants’ diagnosis after follow-up.
| Variables | CN-CN (n=51) | CN-SCD (n=28) | CN-CIND (n=13) | CN-MCI (n=6) | CN-Dementia (n=9) | SCD-CN (n=25) | SCD-SCD (n=58) | SCD-CIND (n=6) | SCD-MCI (n=14) | SCD-Dementia (n=5) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 68.69 (±6.50)a | 67.29 (±4.81) | 72.23 (±6.25) | 69.17 (±8.54) | 75.67 (±7.79)b,c | 66.72 (±5.71)d | 67.14 (±5.17) | 70.33 (±4.84) | 69.36 (±6.06) | 73.80 (±10.62) | 0.009* |
| Education | 5.00 (±4.98) | 7.86 (±5.92) | 4.85 (±3.16) | 5.00 (±5.18) | 2.56 (±3.47) | 7.36 (±6.29) | 5.78 (±4.79) | 4.50 (±3.27) | 7.14 (±3.80) | 5.40 (±3.85) | 0.066* |
| Cornell | 5.06 (±4.32)e | 4.07 (±2.79)e | 7.31 (±4.84) | 12.00 (±8.08) | 7.11 (±4.91) | 5.76 (±4.57)e | 9.36 (±5.94)b,f | 9.17 (±2.56) | 8.86 (±7.57) | 4.20 (±2.78) | <0.001* |
| Depression | 12 (23.5%) | 4 (14.3%) | 4 (30.8%) | 5 (83.3%) | 4 (44.4%) | 10 (40.0%) | 35 (60.3%) | 4 (66.7%) | 5 (35.7%) | 0 | <0.001† |
| Diabetes | 11 (21.6%) | 8 (28.6%) | 5 (38.5%) | 2 (33.3%) | 3 (33.3%) | 7 (28.0%) | 18 (31.0%) | 1 (16.7%) | 6 (42.9%) | 2 (40.0%) | 0.897† |
| Hypertension | 32 (20.9%) | 21 (75.0%) | 11 (84.6%) | 5 (83.3%) | 8 (88.9%) | 20 (80.0%) | 40 (26.1%) | 4 (66.7%) | 10 (71.4%) | 2 (40.0%) | 0.491† |
| Stroke | 1 (2.0%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (4.0%) | 3 (5.2%) | 0 | 3 (21.4%) | 0 | 0.075† |
Abbreviations: CN: Cognitively normal; SCD: subjective cognitive decline; CIND: cognitive impairment no dementia; MCI: Mild cognitive impairment; the diagnoses are separated by a hyphen, indicating the diagnose on the first and the second assessment.
*
Notes: Kruskal Wallis test:
a
differs from CN–Dementia;
b
differs from CN–CN;
c
differs from SCD–Dementia;
d
differs from SCD–MCI;
e
differs from SCD–SCD;
f
differs from CN–MCI;
†
Pearson's Chi-square Test.
Bold numbers indicates statistical significance.