Table 1.
Patients' characteristics.
| Characteristics | Value (n (%)/mean ± SD/median (95% CI)) |
|---|---|
| Sex (male: female) | 15 (48.4) : 16 (51.6) |
| Age (years) | 34.71 ± 8.59 |
| BMI | 22.48 ± 4.52 |
| Underweight | 7 (22.58) |
| Normal | 12 (38.71) |
| Overweight | 3 (9.68) |
| Obese | 9 (29.03) |
| Disease duration (years) | 5.97 ± 3.47 |
| Early (≤5 years) | 14 (45.16) |
| Established (>5 years) | 17 (54.84) |
| Phenotype | |
| Axial | 9 (29) |
| Axial and peripheral | 22 (71) |
| ESR (mm/hour) | 29 (20–61) |
| CRP (mg/L) | 12.87 (2.4–14) |
| ASDAS-ESR | 2.85 ± 1.12 |
| ASDAS-CRP | 2.43 ± 1.09 |
| Serum DKK-1 level (pg/dL) | 6265 ± 1863 |
| Treatment | |
| DMARD | 16 (51.61) |
| Non-DMARD | 15 (48.39) |
SD: standard deviation, CI: confidence interval, BMI: body mass index, ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP: C-reactive protein, ASDAS: ankylosing spondylitis disease activity score, mSASSS: modified stoke ankylosing spondylitis spinal score, DKK-1: dickkopf-related protein 1, and DMARD: disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.