Table 2:
Pairwise comparisons between data recorded at baseline and at 6 months post-SGLT2i onset on an intention-to-treat basis.
| Characteristics | Baseline | 6 months of SGLT2i | Baseline versus 6 months (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body weight (kg), mean (95% CI) (n = 309) | 81.5 (79.4–83.6) | 79.3 (77.2–81.4) | −2.22 (−2.79 to −1.65)a | <.001d |
| SBP (mmHg), mean (95% CI) (n = 312) | 137 (135–139) | 132 (130–134) | −4.63 (−6.73 to −2.52)a | <.001d |
| DPB (mmHg), mean (95% CI) (n = 312) | 75.8 (74.5–77.1) | 73.6 (72.3–74.8) | −2.24 (−3.49 to −1.00)a | <.001d |
| Haemoglobin (g/dl), mean (95% CI) (n = 319) | 13.3 (13.1–13.5) | 13.8 (13.6–14.0) | 0.44 (0.29–0.58)a | <.001d |
| Fasting glycaemia (mg/dl), mean (95% CI) (n = 328) | 148 (142–154) | 133 (129–138) | −14.5 (−20.0 to −9.0)a | <.001d |
| HbA1c (%), mean (95% CI) (n = 294) | 7.56 (7.41–7.71) | 7.20 (7.05–7.35) | −0.36 (−0.51 to −0.21)a | <.001d |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2), mean (95% CI) (n = 327) | 58.4 (56.2–60.6) | 56.2 (54.0–58.5) | −2.13 (−3.26 to −1.0)a | <.001d |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl), mean (95% CI) (n = 305) | 164 (159–168) | 159 (155–164) | −4.19 (−8.26 to −0.133)a | .043d |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl), mean (95% CI) (n = 268) | 49.1 (47.2–51.0) | 48.7 (46.7–50.8) | −0.36 (−1.48–0.76)a | .569d |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl), median (IQR) (n = 295) | 182 (170–193) | 186 (173–200) | 4.26 (−5.30–13.81)a | .860d |
| Serum uric acid (mg/dl), mean (95% CI) (n = 282) | 6.18 (5.98–6.38) | 5.74 (5.55–5.93) | −0.44 (−0.60 to −0.28)a | <.001d |
| Serum magnesium (mg/dl), mean (95% CI) (n = 208) | 1.61 (1.57–1.66) | 1.76 (1.72–1.80) | 0.15 (0.18–0.11)a | <.001d |
| UPC (mg/g), median (IQR) (n = 230) | 164 (82–430) | 160 (80–342) | −26 (−47 to −10)b | .006e |
| Baseline UPCR <300 mg/g, median (IQR) (n = 157) | 100 (60–174) | 110 (63–187) | −5 (−5–18)b | .226e |
| Baseline UPCR ≥300 mg/g, median (IQR) (n = 73) | 760 (454–1594) | 534 (285–1092) | −248 (−392 to −161)b | .001e |
| UACR (mg/g), median (IQR) (n = 108) | 80 (19–210) | 48 (10–171) | −16 (−30 to −5)b | .001e |
| Tacrolimus dose (mg/kg/day), mean (95% CI) (n = 285) | 0.043 (0.039–0.047) | 0.042 (0.038–0.046) | −0.001 (−0.002–0.0004)a | .222d |
| FENa (%), median (IQR) (n = 120) | 1.19 (0.81–1.76) | 1.44 (1.02–1.96) | 0.20 (0.07–0.33)b | .053e |
| Glycosuria (mg/dl), median (IQR) (n = 298) | 0 (0–150) | 1000 (500–1000) | 560 (500–650)b | <.001e |
| Tacrolimus (ng/ml), mean (95% CI) (n = 281) | 7.01 (6.73–7.29) | 6.86 (6.58–7.15) | −0.15 (−0.44–0.15)a | .340d |
| Mycophenolate (mg/day), mean (95% CI) (n = 257) | 828 (788–869) | 827 (787–866) | −1.52 (−14.91–11.86)a | .823d |
| Prednisone treatment, n (%) (n = 335) | 59.9 (53.8–66.0) | 59.8 (53.7–65.9) | −0.1 (−2.4–2.2)c | .935d |
| Prednisone dose (mg/day), mean (95% CI) (n = 177) | 5.01 (4.61–5.42) | 4.77 (4.50–5.03) | −0.25 (−0.55–0.05)c | .098d |
| Antidiabetic drugs, n (%) | ||||
| Long-acting insulin (n = 334) | 50.3 (44.1–56.5) | 46.1 (39.9–52.3) | −4.2 (−7.0 to −1.4)c | .003d |
| Short-acting insulin (n = 330) | 26.7 (21.1–32.2) | 24.6 (19.2–30.1) | −2.0 (−4.4–0.3)c | .094d |
| Metformin (n = 333) | 35.2 (29.5–41.0) | 36.7 (30.8–42.5) | 1.4 (−2.6–5.4)c | .480d |
| DPP-4i (n = 332) | 35.2 (29.2–41.2) | 33.7 (27.8–39.6) | −1.4 (−5.7–2.8)c | .509d |
| GLP-1 RA (n = 332) | 13.5 (9.3–17.6) | 14.5 (10.2–18.8) | 1.0 (−2.1–4.1)c | .528d |
| Antihypertensives, mean (95% CI) (n = 327) | 2.22 (2.04, 2.40) | 2.11 (1.94, 2.29) | −0.10 (−0.20 to −0.09) | .033d |
| ACEIs, n (%) (n = 327) | 20.3 (15.1–25.6) | 21.1 (15.8–26.4) | 0.8 (−1.6–3.2)c | .539d |
| ARBs, n (%) (n = 327) | 40.1 (33.9–46.2) | 37.5 (31.3–43.6) | −2.6 (−5.8–0.6)c | .106d |
| MBRs, n (%) (n = 327) | 9.7 (6.0–13.4) | 10.6 (6.9–14.4) | 0.9 (−1.1–3.0)c | .370d |
| Diuretics, n (%) (n = 327) | 26.4 (21.3–31.5) | 20.7 (15.9–25.6) | −5.7 (−9.1 to −2.3)c | .017d |
SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FENa, fractional excretion of sodium; DPP-4i, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor; GLP-1 RA, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist; ACEIs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs, angiotensin II receptor blockers; MRBs, mineralocorticoid receptor blockers.
a
Difference between means (95% CI) adjusted by age and sex.
b
Unadjusted difference between medians (95% CI).
c
Difference between percentages (95% CI) adjusted by age and sex.
d
P-values were adjusted for sex and age (except eGFR).
e
For non-parametric data, P-values were calculated on log-transformed values and these were then adjusted by age and sex.