Table 4:
Pairwise comparisons between data recorded at baseline and at 6 months post-SGLT2i onset on an intention-to-treat basis in individuals with post-transplant diabetes mellitus.
| Characteristics | Baseline | 6 months of SGLT2i | Baseline versus 6 months (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body weight (kg), mean (95% CI) (n = 188) | 81.8 (78.6–83.7) | 78.9 (76.4–81.4) | −2.22 (−3.00 to −1.43)a | <.001d |
| SBP (mmHg), mean (95% CI) (n = 188) | 135 (133–137) | 131 (128–133) | −3.93 (−6.70 to −1.15)a | .006d |
| DPB (mmHg), mean (95% CI) (n = 188) | 76.2 (74.6–77.9) | 74.0 (72.4–75.6) | −2.23 (−3.80 to −0.66)a | .006d |
| Haemoglobin (g/dl), mean (95% CI) (n = 196) | 13.4 (13.2–13.6) | 13.9 (13.7–14.1) | 0.46 (0.28–0.65)a | <.001d |
| Fasting glycaemia (mg/dl), mean (95% CI) (n = 200) | 142 (136–148) | 128 (123–133) | −14.4 (−20.1 to −8.7)a | <.001d |
| HbA1c (%), mean (95% CI) (n = 183) | 7.45 (7.29–7.65) | 7.01 (6.92–7.28) | −0.37 (−0.55 to −0.19)a | <.001d |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2), mean (95% CI) (n = 199) | 59.0 (56.1–62.0) | 57.1 (54.0–60.1) | −1.98 (−3.44 to −0.51)a | .009 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl), mean (95% CI) (n = 185) | 165 (160–170) | 165 (160–170) | −0.37 (−5.15–4.44)a | .880d |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl), mean (95% CI) (n = 162) | 47.9 (45.8–49.9) | 48.3 (45.9–50.7) | 0.46 (−1.00–1.92)a | .537d |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl), median (IQR) (n = 179) | 186 (170–201) | 185 (171–199) | −0.69 (−11.49–10.11)a | .899d |
| Serum uric acid (mg/dl), mean (95% CI) (n = 176) | 6.27 (6.03–6.51) | 5.81 (5.58–6.03) | −0.46 (−0.67 to −0.25)a | <.001d |
| Serum magnesium (mg/dl), mean (95% CI) (n = 124) | 1.62 (1.58–1.67) | 1.75 (1.71–1.80) | 0.13 (0.09–0.17)a | <.001d |
| UPC (mg/g), median (IQR) (n = 138) | 140 (70–396) | 133 (70–358) | −29.0 (−57.0 to −8.0)b | <.001e |
| Baseline UPCR <300 mg/g, median (IQR) (n = 95) | 97 (60–144) | 94 (60–160) | 3.0 (−11.0–20.0)b | .641e |
| Baseline UPCR ≥300 mg/g, median (IQR) (n = 43) | 838 (430–1600) | 607 (279–1088) | −258 (−505 to −139)b | <.001e |
| UACR (mg/g), median (IQR) (n = 61) | 56 (14–190) | 50 (9–255) | −3.30 (−17.0–2.80)b | .339e |
| Tacrolimus dose (mg/kg/day), mean (95% CI) (n = 169) | 0.048 (0.039–0.047) | 0.048 (0.040–0.055) | −0.001 (−0.002–0.001)a | .543d |
| FENa (%), median (IQR) (n = 71) | 1.15 (0.75–1.76) | 1.33 (0.93–1.96 | 0.17 (−0.007–0.35)b | .06e |
| Glycosuria (mg/dl), median (IQR) (n = 182) | 0 (0–100) | 1000 (300–1000) | 675 (500–600)b | <.001e |
| Tacrolimus level (ng/ml), mean (95% CI) (n = 164) | 6.86 (6.52–7.19) | 6.96 (6.58–7.34) | 0.11 (−0.26–0.47)a | .567d |
| Mycophenolate dose (mg/day), mean (95% CI) (n = 143) | 845 (784–905) | 844 (787–901) | −0.55 (−21.3–20.2)a | .959d |
| Prednisone treatment, n (%) (n = 204) | 57.2 (49.8–64.7) | 58.3 (50.8–65.7) | 1.0 (−1.6–3.6) | .438d |
| Prednisone dose (mg/day), mean (95% CI) (n = 104) | 4.97 (4.61–5.33) | 4.82 (4.48–5.17) | −0.14 (−0.39–0.11)c | .262d |
| Antidiabetic drugs, n (%) | ||||
| Long-acting insulin (n = 202) | 33.7 (26.5–40.9) | 26.9 (20.0–33.8) | −6.80 (−10.60 to −3.00)c | <.001d |
| Short-acting insulin (n = 201) | 10.2 (5.4–15.0) | 9.3 (4.6–13.9) | −0.9 (−3.7–2.0)c | .557d |
| Metformin (n = 202) | 37.3 (30.2–44.3) | 36.7 (29.6–43.8) | −0.5 (−6.2–5.1)c | .850d |
| DPP-4i (n = 202) | 38.6 (31.2–46.1) | 36.6 (29.2–43.9) | −2.0 (−7.6–3.6)c | .474d |
| GLP-1 RA (n = 202) | 11.4 (6.9–16.0) | 11.8 (7.2–16.4) | 0.4 (−3.5–4)c | .985d |
| Antihypertensives, n (%) | ||||
| ACEIs (n = 199) | 20.8 (14.3–27.2) | 21.9 (15.3–28.4) | 1.1 (−2.3–4.5)c | .532d |
| ARBs (n = 199) | 42.1 (34.5–49.7) | 36.7 (29.3–44.1) | −5.4 (−9.7 to −1.1)c | .014 d |
| MBRs (n = 200) | 10.0 (5.5–14.5) | 10.7 (6.2–15.3) | 0.7 (−1.7–3.1)c | .556d |
| Diuretics (n = 199) | 24.4 (18.5–30.4) | 17.5 (11.9–23.0) | −7.0 (−11.3 to −2.7)c | .002d |
SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FENa, fractional excretion of sodium; DPP-4i, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor; GLP-1 RA, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist; ACEIs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs, angiotensin II receptor blockers; MRBs, mineralocorticoid receptor blockers.
a
Difference between means (95% CI) adjusted by age and sex.
b
Unadjusted difference between medians (95% CI).
c
Difference between percentages (95% CI) adjusted by age and sex.
d
P-values were adjusted for sex and age (except eGFR).
e
For non-parametric data, P-values were calculated using the Wilcoxon test.