Table 4. Randomized controlled trial of platinum-based combination of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and chemotherapy for ES-SCLC.

Susbstances	n	Patients	Results			Adverse events	References
IMpower133 phase = 3 Atezolizumab + carboplatin/ etoposide with atezolizumab maintenance vs. 0Carboplatin/etoposide	403	Extensive-stage SCLC and no prior systemic therapy	PFS(median) 5.2 vs. 4.3	OS (median)12.3 vs. 10.3	ORR(%) 60 vs. 64	Grade 3 or 4 immune-related adverse events occurred in 8.1% of patients in atezolizumab and 2.6% of patients in placebo.	[119]
CASPIAN phase = 3 Durvalumab + platinum/etoposide with durvalumab maintenance vs. platinum/etoposide	537	Eligible patients were aged 18 years or older (20 years in Japan) and had treatment-naive, histologically or cytologically documented ES-SCLC, with a WHO performance status of 0 or 1	PFS(median) 5.1 vs. 5.4	OS (median) 12.9 vs. 10.5	ORR(%) 68 vs. 58	Grade 3 or 4 immune-mediated AEs were reported in 5% of patients who received durvalumab.	[120]
KEYNOTE604 phase = 3 Pembrolizumab + platinum/etoposide with pembrolizumab maintenance vs. platinum/etoposide	453	Key eligibility criteria were age ≥18 years; histologically or cytologically confirmed SCLC not previously treated with systemic therapy	PFS(median) 4.5 vs. 4.3	OS (median) 10.8 vs. 9.7	ORR(%) 71 vs. 62	Grade 3 or 4 immune-related adverse events occurred in 76.7% of patients in the Paborizumab group and 74.9% of patients in the placebo group.	[121]