TABLE 1.
Echocardiographic measurements obtained from 100 North American whippets in the sequence in which they were obtained.
| Parameter | Abbreviation | Units | Method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Right parasternal long axis four‐chamber view (2‐D) | |||
| LV diastolic volume | dLVvol | mL | Modified SMOD, monoplane, inner edge area at end‐diastole |
| LV systolic volume | sLVvol | mL | Modified SMOD, monoplane, inner edge area at peak systole |
| LA end‐systolic diameter | LADLax | cm | Inflow view, diameter measured midway between MV annulus and pulmonary vein parallel to MV annulus 13 |
| LA end‐systolic area | LAA | cm2 | Area traced using SMOD, inner edge method in basilar view excluding the pulmonary vein 13 |
| Ao systolic diameter | AoLax | cm | Outflow view, diameter measured at valve hinge points during systole |
| Right parasternal short axis view (chordal level, M‐mode) | |||
| IVS thickness in diastole | IVSd | cm | Leading edge to leading edge method at end‐diastole |
| LV diameter in diastole | LVIDd | cm | Leading edge to leading edge method at end‐diastole |
| LV wall thickness in diastole | LVWd | cm | Leading edge to leading edge method at end‐diastole |
| IVS thickness in systole | IVSs | cm | Leading edge to leading edge method at end‐systole |
| LV diameter in systole | LVIDs | cm | Leading edge to leading edge method at end‐systole |
| LV wall thickness in systole | LVWs | cm | Leading edge to leading edge method at end‐systole |
| E‐point to septal separation | EPSS | cm | Leading edge to leading edge method at maximal E wave excursion of MV |
| Right parasternal short axis view (at heart base, 2‐D) | |||
| Ao diameter in short axis | AoSax | cm | Inner edge to inner edge, midpoint of right coronary cusp to opposite wall at point of left coronary cusp/noncoronary cusp convergence at early diastole 33 |
| LA diameter in short axis | LASax | cm | Extension of Ao diameter line from Ao wall to inner edge of opposite LA wall at early diastole 33 |
| PV peak systolic velocity | PVvel | m/s | Pulsed waved Doppler, sample volume placed just distal to PV leaflets |
| Subcostal view | |||
| Ao peak systolic velocity | AoSCvel | m/s | Measured using continuous wave Doppler with 2‐D guidance |
| Left apical four‐chamber view (2‐D) | |||
| MV peak E wave velocity | Evel | m/s | Pulsed waved Doppler, sample volume placed at tips of open mitral valve in diastole |
| MV peak A wave velocity | Avel | m/s | Pulsed waved Doppler, sample volume placed at tips of open mitral valve in diastole |
| Left apical 3‐chamber view (2‐D) | |||
| Peak Ao systolic velocity | AoLTvel | m/s | Pulsed waved Doppler, sample volume placed just distal to Ao valve leaflets/Ao sinuses |
| TDI e′ velocity | e′ | m/s | Tissue Doppler, sample volume in basal segment of LV wall at lateral MV annulus, mid‐diastole 34 |
| TDI a′ velocity | a′ | m/s | Tissue Doppler, sample volume in basal segment of LV wall at lateral MV annulus, end‐diastole 34 |
| TDI s′ velocity | s′ | m/s | Tissue Doppler, sample volume in basal segment of LV wall at lateral MV annulus, mid‐systole 34 |
| Calculated parameters | |||
| Ejection fraction | EF | % | EF = (dLVvol − sLVvol/dLVvol) × 100 |
| Fractional shortening | FS | % | FS = (LVIDd − LVIDs/LVIDd) × 100 |
| Left atrial to aortic diameter, long axis | LA:AoLax | Using LADLax and AoLax (2‐D, right parasternal long axis) | |
| Left atrial to aortic diameter short axis | LA:AoSax | Using LASax and AoSax (2‐D, right parasternal short axis) | |
| E/A | E/A | Ratio of peak E wave velocity to peak A wave velocity (mitral inflow) | |
| LV mass (calculated) | LVmass | g | LVmass = 1.04 [LVIDd + LVWd + IVSd 3 ] − 13.6 g, using M‐mode measurements obtained from right parasternal short axis view at level of chordae tendineae 19 |
| LV mass/kg | LVmass/kg | g/kg | Calculated LVmass/kg body weight |
| LV diastolic volume/kg (mL/kg) | dLVvol/kg | mL/kg | LV diastolic volume by monoplane SMOD (right parasternal long axis view) per kg body weight |
| LV systolic volume/kg (mL/kg) | sLVvol/kg | mL/kg | LV systolic volume by monoplane SMOD (right parasternal long axis view) per kg body weight |
| Stroke volume | SV | mL | SV = dLVvol − sLVvol (2‐D, right parasternal long axis) |
| Stroke volume/kg | SV/kg | mL/kg | Calculated SV/kg body weight |
Note: References are provided when applicable.
Abbreviations: Ao, aortic valve; IVS, interventricular septum; LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; MV, mitral valve; PV, pulmonic valve; SMOD, Simpson's method of discs; TDI, tissue Doppler imaging; 2‐D, two‐dimensional imaging.