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. 2023 Jan 12;40(5):1087–1114. doi: 10.1007/s11095-023-03469-1

Table III.

Studies Reporting Plasma PK Parameters for CBD

References Subjects Administration route Dose (mg) Plasma PK parameter
tmax (h) Cmax (ng/mL) t1/2 (h) AUC (ng·h/mL) CL (L/h) Vd (L) MRT (h) F (%)
Xu et al., 2019 [86] Mouse Oral 20 mg/kg 2 129.5 ND 551 51.2 L/h/kg 215.3 L/kg 4.2 8.63
IV 10 mg/kg 0.167 2343.3 3.9 3191 3.4 L/h/kg 19.5 L/kg 3.3 ND
Deiana et al., 2012 [138] Mouse Oral (in plasma) 120 mg/kg 1 2.2 µg/mL ND 378 µg·min/mL ND ND ND ND
Oral (in brain) 120 mg/kg 6 1.3 µg/mL ND 319 µg·min/mL ND ND ND ND
Rats Oral (in plasma) 120 mg/kg 2 2 µg/mL 4.62 536 µg·min/mL ND ND ND ND
Oral (in brain) 120 mg/kg 4 8.6 µg/mL 3.7 1900 µg·min/mL ND ND ND ND
Paudel et al., 2010 [142] Rats Intranasal 200 µg/kg 0.48 27.35 1.31 43.26 4.83 L/h/kg ND ND 34–46
IV 200 µg/kg ND 3596 1.06 103.56 10.21 L/h/kg 7.59 L/kg ND ND
Guinea pigs Transdermal gel 18 mg/mL 38.4 8.6 ND 276 ND ND ND ND
IV 1 mg/kg ND 269 3.47 175 3.22 L/h/kg 13.72 L/kg ND ND
Spittle et al., 2021 [140] Guinea pigs Oral 25 mg/kg 1.6 42 8.1 379.5 77.7 L/h/kg 693.5 L/kg 8.6 ND
50 mg/kg 4.8 96.8 10.8 873.7 63.8 L/h/kg 685.9 L/kg 11.3 ND
Meyer et al., 2022 [136] Dairy calves Oral 5 mg/kg 7.5 0.05 µg/mL 23.02 0.7 µg·h/mL 5.29 L/h/kg 175.86 L/kg 35 ND
Yocom et al., 2022 [139] Horses Oral 1 mg/kg 4.1 4.3 14.8 51.6 8265.7 216.7 13.5 ND
3 mg/kg 5 19.9 8.5 162.9 10,881.3 214.2 10.7 ND
Williams et al., 2022 [134] Horses Oral 0.35 mg/kg 1.8 6.6 ND 42 ND 170 156 ND
2 mg/kg 2.4 51 13.3 330 ND 131 153 ND
Samara et al., 1988 [133] Dogs IV 45 ND ND 6.8 2706 µg·h/L 17.3 167 ND ND
90 ND ND 9.3 6095 µg·h/L 15.9 209 ND ND
Oral 180 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 13–19
Polidoro et al., 2022 [157] Dogs Intranasal 20 0.5 28 ND 61 ND ND ND ND
Oral 100 3.5 217 ND 1376 ND ND ND ND
Bartner et al., 2018 [165] Dogs Oral 75 ND 625.3 3.33 2.26 ND ND 3.6 ND
150 ND 845.5 2.13 4.96 ND ND 5.0 ND
Transdermal cream 75 ND 74.3 ND 0.20 ND ND 8.2 ND
150 ND 277.6 ND 0.50 ND ND 7.8 ND
Taylor et al., 2018 [137] Human Oral 1500 4 292.4 ND 1517 1111 20,963 1517 ND
3000 5 533 ND 2669 1121 23,357 2669 ND
4500 5 722.1 ND 3215 1445 36,575 3215 ND
6000 5 782 ND 3696 1909 42,849 3696 ND
Vitetta et al., 2021 [144] Human Oro-buccal 6 1 0.53 1.23 0.9 6900 ND ND ND
18 1 4.62 5.45 8.9 2040 ND ND ND
Stott et al., 2013 [189] Human Oromucosal spray 5 1 0.39 5.28 1.5 3252 22,169 ND ND
10 1.39 1.15 6.39 5.0 2546 18,800 ND ND
20 1 2.17 9.36 10.4 3783 30,595 ND ND
Hosseini et al., 2021 [12] Human Sublingual wafer 25 4.5 9.1 ND 31.1 ND ND ND ND
50 4.1 15 ND 71.0 ND ND ND ND
Oral 50 5.2 14 ND 73.8 ND ND ND ND
Oromucosal spray 25 4.5 4.6 ND 29.3 ND ND ND ND
Meyer et al., 2018 [141] Human Inhalation 1.6 0.10 7 0.18 2.1 ND ND ND 59
IV 1.6 0.12 22 0.40 13.7 ND ND ND 100
Ohlsson et al., 1986 [126] Human IV 20 0.05 686 24 0.01667 ng·min/L 74.4 2520 ND ND
Smoking 19.2 0.05 110 31 0.00485 ng·min/L ND ND ND 31
Devinsky et al., 2021 [15] Human Oral 50 2.03 6.3 ND 20.05 ND ND ND ND
Inhalation 2.1 0.06 18.8 ND 7.66 ND ND ND ND
Spindle et al., 2020 [135] Human Oral (in urine) 100 5.3 776.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND
Vaping (in urine) 100 0.8 261 ND ND ND ND ND ND

Abbreviations: AUC, area under the concentration–time curve; CL, clearance; Cmax, peak plasma concentrations; F, bioavailability; MRT, mean retention time; ND, not determined; t1/2, elimination half-life; tmax, time to reach peak plasma concentrations; Vd, volume of distribution