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. 2023 Mar 6;31(3):1361–1372. doi: 10.1007/s10787-023-01156-6

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Effect of protocatechuic acid on FoxO-1 and Nrf-2 gene expression. The effect of treatment with protocatechuic acid (50, 100 mg/kg; p.o.) once daily for 10 consecutive days after cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg; i.p.) single dose on a FoxO-1 b Nrf-2 gene expression. The data were expressed as mean ± SD, (n = 8). Statistical analysis was carried out by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD test for multiple comparisons. ^aSignificantly different from normal control. ^bSignificantly different from cyclophosphamide control. ^cSignificantly different from cyclophosphamide + protocatechuic acid 50 mg/kg at P < 0.05