Table 1.
Demographic and clinical details of study participants
| Characteristics | Total n = 181 (%) |
Cohort C1 n = 56 (%) |
Cohort C2 n = 125 (%) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, > 50 years age | 63 (35) | 19 (34) | 44 (35) | 0.87 |
| Gender, male | 120 (66) | 37 (66) | 83 (66) | 0.97 |
| Location at the time of bacteremia, ICU | 109 (60) | 41 (73) | 68 (54) | 0.02 |
| Presence of neutropenia | 62 (34) | 27 (48) | 35 (28) | 0.01 |
| Surgery within 30 days before bacteremia | 38 (21) | 5 (9) | 33 (26) | 0.01 |
| Previous exposure to colistin | 74 (41) | 27 (48) | 47 (38) | 0.18 |
| Previous exposure to carbapenem | 135 (75) | 44 (79) | 91 (73) | 0.41 |
| Infection details | ||||
| Previous bacterial infections | 90 (50) | 28 (50) | 62 (50) | 0.96 |
| Concomitant bacterial infections | 102 (56) | 32 (57) | 70 (56) | 0.89 |
| Source of infection | ||||
| CRBSI | 52 (29) | 20 (36) | 32 (26) | |
| Gut translocation | 35 (19) | 9 (16) | 26 (21) | 0.38 |
| Lung | 32 (18) | 7 (13) | 25 (20) | |
| Othersa | 62 (34) | 20 (36) | 42 (34) | |
| Presence of septic shock | 121 (67) | 40 (7) | 81 (65) | 0.38 |
| Dialysis | 41 (23) | 17 (30) | 24 (19) | 0.10 |
| ICU stay | 130 (72) | 53 (95) | 77 (62) | < 0.001 |
| Organism details | ||||
| Colistin resistance (n = 173 tested) | 27 (15.61) | 6 (10.71) | 21 (18) | 0.22 |
| Scores for prediction of mortality (median and IQR) | ||||
| Pitt bacteremia score | 2 (0–6) | 2 (0–6) | 2 (0–4) | 0.38 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 2 (1–3) | 2 (0.5–3) | 2 (1–3) | 0.79 |
| INCREMENT score | 8 (6–12) | 11 (6–12) | 8 (6–11) | 0.01 |
| Increment score: high mortality (8–15) | 114 (62.9) | 41 (73.21) | 73 (58.4) | 0.06 |
| Treatment details | ||||
| Polymyxin or CAZ-AVI therapy (n = 128) | ||||
| Polymyxin or CAZ-AVI as monotherapy | 92 (72) | 37 (100) | 55 (60) | < 0.001 |
| Polymyxin and CAZ-AVI as combination | 36 (28) | 0 | 36 (40) | |
| Outcome assessment | ||||
| 30-day mortality | 90 (50) | 30 (54) | 60 (48) | 0.49 |
| 14-day mortality | 66 (37) | 22 (39) | 44 (35) | 0.59 |
ICU intensive care unit, CRBSI catheter-related bloodstream infection, CAZ-AVI ceftazidime-avibactam
aOther sources of infection included hepatobiliary, renal, skin and soft tissue, and peritoneal infections