Fig. 3. The sequential appearance of the present floristic dissimilarities between different realms evaluated using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination.

The Euclidean distance between dots is positively associated with the dissimilarity in phylogenetic composition of the flora between them: the larger the distance, the higher is the dissimilarity. Each line represents the distance of present phylogenetic composition of a realm to other realms at different phylogenetic depths. The colors of the lines are consistent with the colors of the realms shown in Fig. 1a, and the color gradient of each thick line represents evolutionary time. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.